Effects of Cellulose Crystallinity, Hemicellulose, and Lignin on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Miscanthus sinensis to Monosaccharides

The effects of cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulose, and lignin on the enzymatic hydrolysis of Miscanthus sinensis to monosaccharides were investigated. A air-dried biomass was ground by ball-milling, and the powder was separated into four fractions by passage through a series of sieves with mesh sizes 250–355 μm, 150–250 μm, 63–150 μm, and <63 μm. Each fraction was hydrolyzed with commercially available cellulase and β-glucosidase. The yield of monosaccharides increased as the crystallinity of the substrate decreased. The addition of xylanase increased the yield of both pentoses and glucose. Delignification by the sodium chlorite method improved the initial rate of hydrolysis by cellulolytic enzymes significantly, resulting in a higher yield of monosaccharides as compared with that for untreated samples. When delignified M. sinensis was hydrolyzed with cellulase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase, hemicellulose was hydrolyzed completely into monosaccharides, and the conversion rate of glucan to glucose was 90.6%.

[1]  A. Converse,et al.  Kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials based on surface area of cellulose accessible to enzyme and enzyme adsorption on lignin and cellulose , 1990 .

[2]  L. E. Wise,et al.  A CHLORITE HOLOCELLULOSE, ITS FRACTIONATION AND BEARING ON SUMMATIVE WOOD ANALYSIS AND STUDIES ON THE HEMICELLULOSES , 1946 .

[3]  H. Nimz.  Wood-chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions , 1984, Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff.

[4]  A. Converse,et al.  Adsorption of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei on cellulose and lignacious residue in wood pretreated by dilute sulfuric acid with explosive decompression , 1990, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[5]  Y Y Lee,et al.  Pretreatment of corn stover by aqueous ammonia. , 2003, Bioresource technology.

[6]  C. Wyman,et al.  Effect of xylan and lignin removal by batch and flowthrough pretreatment on the enzymatic digestibility of corn stover cellulose , 2004, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[7]  John N. Saddler,et al.  The effect of initial pore volume and lignin content on the enzymatic hydrolysis of softwoods , 1998 .

[8]  Kazuhiro Hoshino,et al.  Evaluation of pretreatment with Pleurotus ostreatus for enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw. , 2005, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[9]  D. Morris.  Quantitative Determination of Carbohydrates With Dreywood's Anthrone Reagent. , 1948, Science.

[10]  Bryan Bals,et al.  Optimization of Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Miscanthus x giganteus to Fermentable Sugars , 2007, Biotechnology progress.

[11]  M. Holtzapple,et al.  Fundamental factors affecting biomass enzymatic reactivity , 2000, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[12]  Emmanuel G. Koukios,et al.  Agricultural crops and residues as feedstocks for non-food products in Western Europe , 2000 .

[13]  M. Smogyi,et al.  Notes on sugar determination. , 1952, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[14]  B. Saha,et al.  Ethanol Production from Alkaline Peroxide Pretreated Enzymatically Saccharified Wheat Straw , 2006, Biotechnology progress.

[15]  H. Koizumi,et al.  Carbon dynamics and budget in a Miscanthus sinensis grassland in Japan , 2004, Ecological Research.

[16]  J. Okudo,et al.  Mutarotase effect on colorimetric determination of blood glucose with -D-glucose oxidase. , 1972, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[17]  G. Zacchi,et al.  Effect of hemicellulose and lignin removal on enzymatic hydrolysis of steam pretreated corn stover. , 2007, Bioresource technology.

[18]  S J Duff,et al.  Effect of oxygen delignification on the rate and extent of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material. , 2001, Bioresource technology.

[19]  H. Grethlein,et al.  Pretreatment for enhanced hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass. , 1984, Biotechnology advances.

[20]  B. Saha,et al.  Hemicellulose bioconversion , 2003, Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[21]  A. Klyosov,et al.  Adsorption of high-purity endo-1,4-β-glucanases from Trichoderma reesei on components of lignocellulosic materials: Cellulose, lignin, and xylan , 1988 .

[22]  Jack Saddler,et al.  Optimization of enzyme complexes for lignocellulose hydrolysis , 2007, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[23]  Farzaneh Teymouri,et al.  Understanding factors that limit enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass , 2005, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[24]  Wanda Mejbaum.  Über die Bestimmung kleiner Pentosemengen, insbesondere in Derivaten der Adenylsäure , 1939 .

[25]  L. Segal',et al.  An Empirical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X-Ray Diffractometer , 1959 .

[26]  S. Jansen,et al.  Al-Fe interactions and growth enhancement in Melastoma malabathricum and Miscanthus sinensis dominating acid sulphate soils. , 2006, Plant, cell & environment.

[27]  C. Wyman,et al.  Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. , 2005, Bioresource technology.

[28]  Stephen C. Fry,et al.  The Growing Plant Cell Wall: Chemical and Metabolic Analysis , 2001 .

[29]  Michael E. Himmel,et al.  Enzymatic conversion of biomass for fuels production. , 1994 .

[30]  Tuula T. Teeri,et al.  Crystalline cellulose degradation : new insight into the function of cellobiohydrolases , 1997 .