Real-time Power Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Many mission-critical wireless sensor network applications must resolve the inherent conflict between the tight resource constraints on each sensor node, particularly in terms of energy, with the need to achieve desired quality of service such as end-to-end real-time performance. To address this challenge we propose the Real-time Power-Aware Routing (RPAR) protocol. RPAR achieves required communication delays at minimum energy cost by dynamically adapting the transmission power and routing decisions based on packet deadlines. RPAR integrates a geographic forwarding policy cognizant of deadlines, power, and link quality with new algorithms for on-demand power adaptation and efficient neighborhood discovery. Simulations based on a realistic radio model of MICA2 motes show that RPAR significantly reduces the number of deadline misses and energy consumption when compared to existing real-time and energyefficient routing protocols and beacon based neighborhood management schemes.

[1]  Panganamala Ramana Kumar,et al.  RHEINISCH-WESTFÄLISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AACHEN , 2001 .

[2]  Yan Zhang,et al.  Geometric ad-hoc routing: of theory and practice , 2003, PODC '03.

[3]  Chieh-Yih Wan,et al.  CODA: congestion detection and avoidance in sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[4]  Ramesh Govindan,et al.  Understanding packet delivery performance in dense wireless sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[5]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  Efficient Power Management Based on Application Timing Semantics for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2005, 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'05).

[6]  Koen Langendoen,et al.  An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[7]  Andrew T. Campbell,et al.  A case for variable-range transmission power control in wireless multihop networks , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[8]  David E. Culler,et al.  Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks , 2004, SenSys '04.

[9]  David E. Culler,et al.  A transmission control scheme for media access in sensor networks , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[10]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  RAP: a real-time communication architecture for large-scale wireless sensor networks , 2002, Proceedings. Eighth IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium.

[11]  S. M. Heemstra de Groot,et al.  Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks , 1998, MobiCom '98.

[12]  Brad Karp,et al.  GPSR : Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless , 2000, MobiCom 2000.

[13]  Marco Zuniga,et al.  Analyzing the transitional region in low power wireless links , 2004, 2004 First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2004. IEEE SECON 2004..

[14]  Erik D. Demaine,et al.  Frequency Estimation of Internet Packet Streams with Limited Space , 2002, ESA.

[15]  Gang Zhou,et al.  Impact of radio irregularity on wireless sensor networks , 2004, MobiSys '04.

[16]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[17]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Statistical model of lossy links in wireless sensor networks , 2005, IPSN 2005. Fourth International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2005..

[18]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Routing with Guaranteed Delivery in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 1999, DIALM '99.

[19]  Dragan Petrovic,et al.  Information-directed routing in ad hoc sensor networks , 2003, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[20]  David E. Culler,et al.  The Shadowing Phenomenon: implications of receiving during a collision , 2004 .

[21]  Rong Zheng,et al.  On-demand power management for ad hoc networks , 2005, Ad Hoc Networks.

[22]  Timothy X. Brown,et al.  An on-demand minimum energy routing protocol for a wireless ad hoc network , 2002, MOCO.

[23]  Andrew T. Campbell,et al.  SWAN: service differentiation in stateless wireless ad hoc networks , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[24]  G. Simon,et al.  Simulation-based optimization of communication protocols for large-scale wireless sensor networks , 2003, 2003 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8652).

[25]  Chenyang Lu,et al.  SPEED: a stateless protocol for real-time communication in sensor networks , 2003, 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2003. Proceedings..

[26]  Qun Li,et al.  Online power-aware routing in wireless Ad-hoc networks , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[27]  David E. Culler,et al.  Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks , 2003, SenSys '03.

[28]  H. Balakrishnan,et al.  Mitigating congestion in wireless sensor networks , 2004, SenSys '04.

[29]  Van Jacobson,et al.  Congestion avoidance and control , 1988, SIGCOMM '88.

[30]  Tarek F. Abdelzaher,et al.  On real-time capacity limits of multihop wireless sensor networks , 2004, 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium.

[31]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Energy conserving routing in wireless ad-hoc networks , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[32]  Ahmed Helmy,et al.  Energy-efficient forwarding strategies for geographic routing in lossy wireless sensor networks , 2004, SenSys '04.

[33]  Bhaskar Krishnamachari,et al.  Experimental study of the effects of transmission power control and blacklisting in wireless sensor networks , 2004, 2004 First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2004. IEEE SECON 2004..

[34]  Robert Tappan Morris,et al.  Span: An Energy-Efficient Coordination Algorithm for Topology Maintenance in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[35]  Young-Jin Kim,et al.  Geographic routing made practical , 2005, NSDI.

[36]  Zhen Liu,et al.  Maximum lifetime routing in wireless ad-hoc networks , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[37]  Chang-Gun Lee,et al.  Probabilistic QoS guarantee in reliability and timeliness domains in wireless sensor networks , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..