Special issue on hybrid systems: theory and applications a brief introduction to the theory and applications of hybrid systems

The invention comprises a one piece, concrete, bell type grave liner or protector to be lowered into a grave to enclose a casket. The protector has notches cast in its lower corners, corner edges, or bottom edges to receive a hoisting cable, thereby making handling easy. The protector has a top designed to resist vertical loads, cave-in of the side walls, and a sluffing-off of earth when an excavation is made next to it. The top is also designed to receive saddles for supporting a second protector for double interment. The protector is useful in conjunction with a base for either single or double interment. All side walls are tapered, i.e., inclined downwardly and outwardly to keep the protector from being raised, or "floating" to the surface, when unstable soils become saturated through sprinkling, rain, or exceedingly high water table.