Meat , dairy , and cancer 1 – 4

In 2007 the World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) report judged that the evidence for an association between red and processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer was convincing. In addition, the effect of other animal products on cancer risk has been studied, and the WCRF/AICR report concluded that milk probably decreases the risk of colorectal cancer but diets high in calcium probably increase the risk of prostate cancer, whereas there was limited evidence for an association between milk and bladder cancer and insufficient evidence for other cancers. There are several potential mechanisms relating meat to cancer, including heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-nitroso compounds, and heme iron. Although the evidence in favor of a link between red and processed meat and colorectal cancer is convincing, the relations with other cancers are unclear. In this review, we summarize cohort studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute on meat and dairy intake in relation to cancer since the 2007 WCRF/AICR report. We also report the findings of meta-analyses published since 2007.

[1]  Wen-Harn Pan,et al.  Meat intake and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of Asian prospective cohort studies. , 2013, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[2]  U. Nöthlings,et al.  Meat and fish consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition , 2013, International Journal of Cancer.

[3]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Red and processed meat intake and risk of colorectal adenomas: A meta‐analysis of observational studies , 2013, International journal of cancer.

[4]  Zhaoshen Li,et al.  Red and processed meat intake and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies , 2012, Cancer Causes & Control.

[5]  R. Sinha,et al.  Developing a heme iron database for meats according to meat type, cooking method and doneness level. , 2012, Food and nutrition sciences.

[6]  R. Sinha,et al.  Meat intake is not associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a large prospective cohort of U.S. men and women. , 2012, The Journal of nutrition.

[7]  D. Mozaffarian,et al.  Dietary Protein Sources and the Risk of Stroke in Men and Women , 2012, Stroke.

[8]  S. Larsson,et al.  Red and processed meat consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: meta-analysis of prospective studies , 2012, British Journal of Cancer.

[9]  Gretchen L. Gierach,et al.  Epithelial ovarian cancer and exposure to dietary nitrate and nitrite in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study , 2012, European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation.

[10]  R. Sinha,et al.  Pancreatic cancer risk: Associations with meat‐derived carcinogen intake in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort , 2012, Molecular carcinogenesis.

[11]  R. Sinha,et al.  Meat consumption and the risk of incident distal colon and rectal adenoma , 2011, British Journal of Cancer.

[12]  R. Sinha,et al.  Large prospective investigation of meat intake, related mutagens, and risk of renal cell carcinoma. , 2012, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[13]  R. Lau,et al.  Dairy products and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. , 2012, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[14]  Wan-long Tan,et al.  Milk and dairy consumption and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. , 2011, Urology.

[15]  Xiangyi Zheng,et al.  Milk Consumption and Bladder Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Published Epidemiological Studies , 2011, Nutrition and cancer.

[16]  R. Sinha,et al.  Patterns of meat intake and risk of prostate cancer among African-Americans in a large prospective study , 2011, Cancer Causes & Control.

[17]  A. Schatzkin,et al.  Pancreatic cancer and exposure to dietary nitrate and nitrite in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. , 2011, American journal of epidemiology.

[18]  R. Sinha,et al.  Prospective Investigation of Poultry and Fish Intake in Relation to Cancer Risk , 2011, Cancer Prevention Research.

[19]  Theodore R Holford,et al.  Dietary nitrate and nitrite and the risk of thyroid cancer in the NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study , 2011, International journal of cancer.

[20]  R. Sinha,et al.  Iron Homeostasis and Distal Colorectal Adenoma Risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial , 2011, Cancer Prevention Research.

[21]  R. Lau,et al.  Red and Processed Meat and Colorectal Cancer Incidence: Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies , 2011, PloS one.

[22]  K. He,et al.  Dairy consumption and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies , 2011, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.

[23]  R. Sinha,et al.  Meat Consumption and Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer in a Large Prospective Study , 2011, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[24]  A. Wolk,et al.  Red and processed meat consumption and risk of ovarian cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies , 2011, British Journal of Cancer.

[25]  R. Sinha,et al.  No effect of meat, meat cooking preferences, meat mutagens or heme iron on lung cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening trial , 2011, International journal of cancer.

[26]  F. Pierre,et al.  Heme Iron from Meat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis and a Review of the Mechanisms Involved , 2011, Cancer Prevention Research.

[27]  D. Alexander,et al.  Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Studies of Red Meat Consumption and Colorectal Cancer , 2010, European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation.

[28]  R. Sinha,et al.  Intakes of dietary iron and heme-iron and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. , 2010, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[29]  P. Mink,et al.  A review and meta-analysis of red and processed meat consumption and breast cancer , 2010, Nutrition Research Reviews.

[30]  Rashmi Sinha,et al.  Trends in meat consumption in the USA , 2010, Public Health Nutrition.

[31]  Dominik D Alexander,et al.  A review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of red and processed meat intake and prostate cancer , 2010, Nutrition journal.

[32]  R. Sinha,et al.  Meat and components of meat and the risk of bladder cancer in the NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study , 2010, Cancer.

[33]  R. Sinha,et al.  Association of meat and fat intake with liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in the NIH-AARP cohort. , 2010, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[34]  D. Alexander,et al.  Processed meat and colorectal cancer: a quantitative review of prospective epidemiologic studies , 2010, European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation.

[35]  JoAnn E. Manson,et al.  Coronary Heart Disease Major Dietary Protein Sources and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women , 2017 .

[36]  P. Paluszkiewicz,et al.  Risk of colorectal cancer in relation to frequency and total amount of red meat consumption. Systematic review and meta-analysis , 2010, Archives of medical science : AMS.

[37]  R. Sinha,et al.  Dietary Components Related to N-Nitroso Compound Formation: A Prospective Study of Adult Glioma , 2010, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

[38]  R. Sinha,et al.  A large prospective study of meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: an investigation of potential mechanisms underlying this association. , 2010, Cancer research.

[39]  L. Ferguson,et al.  Meat and cancer. , 2010, Meat science.

[40]  A. Zuckerman,et al.  IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans , 1995, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans.

[41]  R. Sinha,et al.  Meat and meat-related compounds and risk of prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort study in the United States. , 2009, American journal of epidemiology.

[42]  W. Zheng,et al.  Well-Done Meat Intake, Heterocyclic Amine Exposure, and Cancer Risk , 2009, Nutrition and cancer.

[43]  C. McCarty,et al.  Intake of meat, meat mutagens, and iron and the risk of breast cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial , 2009, British Journal of Cancer.

[44]  R. Sinha,et al.  A prospective study of meat, cooking methods, meat mutagens, heme iron, and lung cancer risks. , 2009, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[45]  R. Sinha,et al.  Meat intake and meat preparation in relation to risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in the NIH‐AARP diet and health study , 2009, International journal of cancer.

[46]  R. Sinha,et al.  Meat intake and mortality: a prospective study of over half a million people. , 2009, Archives of internal medicine.

[47]  A. Schatzkin,et al.  Dairy food, calcium, and risk of cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. , 2009, Archives of internal medicine.

[48]  D. Alexander,et al.  Quantitative assessment of red meat or processed meat consumption and kidney cancer. , 2009, Cancer detection and prevention.

[49]  R. Turesky Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines , 2008 .

[50]  B. Kupelnick,et al.  Dairy Products, Dietary Calcium and Vitamin D Intake as Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 26,769 Cases From 45 Observational Studies , 2008, Nutrition and cancer.

[51]  R. Sinha,et al.  Meat and Meat Mutagens and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Agricultural Health Study , 2008, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.

[52]  R. Sinha,et al.  Meat and Meat-Mutagen Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the NIH-AARP Cohort , 2007, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.

[53]  R. Sinha,et al.  A Prospective Study of Red and Processed Meat Intake in Relation to Cancer Risk , 2007, PLoS medicine.

[54]  N. Gooderham,et al.  Mechanisms of action of the carcinogenic heterocyclic amine PhIP. , 2007, Toxicology letters.

[55]  E. Riboli,et al.  The second expert report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective , 2007 .

[56]  S. Larsson,et al.  Processed meat consumption and stomach cancer risk: a meta-analysis. , 2006, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[57]  Kurt Straif,et al.  Carcinogenicity of nitrate, nitrite, and cyanobacterial peptide toxins. , 2006, The Lancet. Oncology.

[58]  R. Goldbohm,et al.  Dairy Products and Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 12 Cohort Studies , 2006, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.

[59]  R. Sinha,et al.  Impact of Food Preservation, Processing, and Cooking on Cancer Risk , 2005 .

[60]  A. Bartoszek,et al.  Carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic food components , 2005 .

[61]  L. Bennett,et al.  PhIP carcinogenicity in breast cancer: computational and experimental evidence for competitive interactions with human estrogen receptor. , 2005, Chemical research in toxicology.

[62]  R. Sinha,et al.  Development of a food frequency questionnaire module and databases for compounds in cooked and processed meats. , 2005, Molecular nutrition & food research.

[63]  C. Qiu,et al.  Steroid hormone receptor expression and proliferation in rat mammary gland carcinomas induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. , 2005, Carcinogenesis.

[64]  A F Subar,et al.  Design and serendipity in establishing a large cohort with wide dietary intake distributions : the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study. , 2001, American journal of epidemiology.

[65]  N. Rothman,et al.  Analysis of 200 food items for benzo[a]pyrene and estimation of its intake in an epidemiologic study. , 2001, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[66]  P C Prorok,et al.  Design of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. , 2000, Controlled clinical trials.

[67]  D. Phillips,et al.  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the diet. , 1999, Mutation research.

[68]  M. Jägerstad,et al.  Formation of meat mutagens. , 1991, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[69]  Gillian Tindall,et al.  Men and Women , 1968, Mental Health.