Progress in solid oxide fuel cell materials

Abstract Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are advancing steadily as materials become more widely available, as cell stacking techniques develop, as operational issues such as rapid start-up are addressed and as applications become more focused. The present study reviews recent developments in SOFC materials, positioning them in the context of historical trends and future ambitions for fuel cell technologies. The conclusion is that materials are starting to become widely available, cells are being traded in larger numbers, stacks can be obtained but are still relatively costly, and systems may be operated in agreement with application companies. Devices are being aimed at sensor products, through automotive auxiliary power units (APUs) to portable combined heat and power units, to stationary power plants in buildings and pressurised hybrids up to 1 MWe.

[1]  B. Steele,et al.  Properties of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-x (LSCF) double layer cathodes on gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (CGO) electrolytes - II. Role of oxygen exchange and diffusion , 1998 .

[2]  S. Singhal.  Advances in solid oxide fuel cell technology , 2000 .

[3]  Stephen J. Skinner,et al.  Oxygen ion conductors , 2003 .

[4]  John B. Goodenough.  Oxide-ion electrolytes , 2003 .

[5]  T. Etsell,et al.  Electrical properties of solid oxide electrolytes , 1970 .

[6]  U. Flesch,et al.  Improved contacting by the use of silver in solid oxide fuel cells up to an operating temperature of 800 °C , 2001 .

[7]  K. Kendall,et al.  Influence of powder structure on processing and properties of advanced ceramics , 1989 .

[8]  A. Isenberg.  Energy conversion via solid oxide electrolyte electrochemical cells at high temperatures , 1981 .

[9]  S. Deevi,et al.  Development of interconnect materials for solid oxide fuel cells , 2003 .

[10]  Brian C. H. Steele.  OXYGEN ION CONDUCTORS , 1989 .

[11]  Peter R. Slater,et al.  Defect chemistry and oxygen ion migration in the apatite-type materials La9.33Si6O26 and La8Sr2Si6O26 , 2003 .

[12]  John T. S. Irvine,et al.  Investigation of scandia–yttria–zirconia system as an electrolyte material for intermediate temperature fuel cells—influence of yttria content in system (Y2O3)x(Sc2O3)(11−x)(ZrO2)89 , 2004 .

[13]  Jürgen Fleig,et al.  Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes: Polarization Mechanisms and Modeling of the Electrochemical Performance , 2003 .

[14]  Mark J.H. Simmons,et al.  CFD to predict temperature profile for scale up of micro-tubular SOFC stacks , 2004 .

[15]  Mogens Bjerg Mogensen,et al.  Chapter 10 – Testing of Electrodes, Cells and Short Stacks , 2003 .

[16]  S. Singhal,et al.  Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells , 2004, Nature materials.

[17]  U. Stimming,et al.  Advances, aging mechanisms and lifetime in solid-oxide fuel cells , 2004 .

[18]  Kevin Kendall,et al.  Formulating liquid hydrocarbon fuels for SOFCs , 2004 .

[19]  Dong-Hyun Peck,et al.  Vaporization and thermodynamics of La1−xCaxCrO3−δ investigated by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry , 2001 .

[20]  K. Kendall,et al.  High temperature solid oxide fuel cells : fundamentals, design and applicatons , 2003 .

[21]  S. C. Singhal,et al.  Electrochemical Vapor Deposition of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Films , 1990 .

[22]  Vladimir Shemet,et al.  Metallic interconnectors for solid oxide fuel cells – a review , 2003 .

[23]  Ian S. Metcalfe,et al.  Activity and deactivation of La0.8Ca0.2Cr0.9X0.1O3 (X = Ni, Co) in dry methane using temperature-programmed techniques , 1995 .

[24]  R. Mark Ormerod,et al.  Implications for Using Biogas as a Fuel Source for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Internal Dry Reforming in a Small Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell , 2002 .

[25]  Rob J.F. van Gerwen,et al.  Chapter 13 – Systems and Applications , 2003 .

[26]  Frank Tietz,et al.  HIGH-TEMPERATURE THERMAL EXPANSION AND CONDUCTIVITY OF COBALTITES: POTENTIALS FOR ADAPTATION OF THE THERMAL EXPANSION TO THE DEMANDS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS , 2004 .

[27]  S. Singhal.  Solid Oxide Fuel Cells , 2003 .

[28]  J. D. Carter,et al.  Development of Solid‐Oxide Fuel Cells That Operate at 500°C , 1999 .

[29]  K. T. Chau,et al.  An overview of energy sources for electric vehicles , 1999 .

[30]  高橋 武彦,et al.  Science and technology of ceramic fuel cells , 1995 .

[31]  Hiroyuki Uchida,et al.  High‐Performance Electrode for Medium‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Effects of Composition and Microstructures on Performance of Ceria‐Based Anodes , 1998 .

[32]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[33]  Andrew G. Glen,et al.  APPL , 2001 .