Partial Color Word Comprehension Precedes Production

ABSTRACT Previous studies report that children use color words haphazardly before acquiring conventional, adult-like meanings. The most common explanation for this is that children do not abstract color as a domain of linguistic meaning until several months after they begin producing color words, resulting in a stage during which they produce but do not comprehend color words. Contrary to this account, the current study provides converging evidence from multiple measures that toddlers often acquire partial but systematic color word meanings before production, although adult meanings are acquired much later. Also, we found that whereas children’s interpretation of color words is relatively conservative before the onset of color word production, their meanings become broader and overextended upon the onset of production. These data support the idea that inductive processes of category formation, rather than problems abstracting color, explain the delay between children’s first production of color words and mastery of adult meanings.