Longitudinal study of caries progression in 2- and 3-year-old German children.

OBJECTIVE This 2-year longitudinal study in 2- and 3-year-old kindergarten children investigated lesion progression on different surfaces of primary teeth. METHODS The study was conducted between September 2008 and September 2010 on a sample of 400 children from the Kyffhäuser district (Thuringia, Germany). A calibrated investigator recorded (non)cavitated caries lesions according to World Health Organization (WHO), International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and Universal Visual Scoring System (UniViSS) criteria. Nonparametric methods and linear regression using a mixed-effects model with an unbalanced design were used for data analysis. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the prevalence of noncavitated caries lesions during the 2-year period, with the highest chance for change on all surfaces compared to cavitated lesions. First visible sign lesions on occlusal surfaces had the highest chance for change (estimate 0.38), whereas established lesions revealed the highest chance for change on proximal (estimate 1.05) and smooth surfaces (estimate 0.62). Proximal lesions exhibited the greatest chance for change irrespective of severity level. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that each type of carious lesion had different changing rates. Greater lesion severity correlated with greater chances to change and receive treatment. This information is crucial for dental practitioners in decision-making processes.

[1]  Gary R Cutter,et al.  Factors associated with early childhood caries incidence among high caries-risk children. , 2015, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[2]  C. Feldens,et al.  Feeding practices in infancy associated with caries incidence in early childhood. , 2015, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[3]  A. Ismail,et al.  Dental caries development among African American children: results from a 4-year longitudinal study. , 2015, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[4]  H. Deyu,et al.  [Three years follow-up observation and analysis of caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 652 6-year- old children in Sichuan Province]. , 2015, Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology.

[5]  E. Funkhouser,et al.  Twenty-month follow-up of occlusal caries lesions deemed questionable at baseline: findings from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. , 2014, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[6]  K. Peltzer,et al.  Sociobehavioral Factors Associated with Caries Increment: A Longitudinal Study from 24 to 36 Months Old Children in Thailand , 2014, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[7]  G. Eckert,et al.  Monitoring of Sound and Carious Surfaces under Sealants over 44 Months , 2014, Journal of dental research.

[8]  Xue Li,et al.  [Two-year longitudinal investigation of 733 twelve-year-old children's caries status in Sichuan province]. , 2014, Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology.

[9]  M. S. Skeie,et al.  Caries increment in primary teeth from 3 to 6 years of age: a longitudinal study in Swedish children , 2013, European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry.

[10]  M. Masood,et al.  Longitudinal Study of Dental Caries Increment in Malaysian School Children , 2014, Asia-Pacific journal of public health.

[11]  T M Ardenghi,et al.  Validation of Visual Caries Activity Assessment , 2014, Journal of dental research.

[12]  G. Slade,et al.  The accuracy of caries risk assessment in children attending South Australian School Dental Service: a longitudinal study , 2014, BMJ Open.

[13]  A. Crispin,et al.  Effectiveness of a new fluoride varnish for caries prevention in pre-school children. , 2013, The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry.

[14]  J. Cavanaugh,et al.  Factors associated with surface-level caries incidence in children aged 9 to 13: the Iowa Fluoride Study. , 2013, Journal of public health dentistry.

[15]  M. Gussy,et al.  A systematic review of risk factors during first year of life for early childhood caries. , 2013, International journal of paediatric dentistry.

[16]  R. Schroth,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors of caregiver reported Severe Early Childhood Caries in Manitoba First Nations children: results from the RHS Phase 2 (2008–2010) , 2013, International journal of circumpolar health.

[17]  G. Eckert,et al.  The Natural History of Dental Caries Lesions , 2012, Journal of dental research.

[18]  S. Léger,et al.  Addressing children's oral health inequalities: caries experience before and after the implementation of an oral health promotion program , 2012, Acta odontologica Scandinavica.

[19]  D. Birkhed,et al.  Caries in adolescence - influence from early childhood. , 2012, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[20]  M. Wong,et al.  Caries increment over 2 years in preschool children: a life course approach. , 2012, International journal of paediatric dentistry.

[21]  J. Cavanaugh,et al.  Longitudinal associations between children's dental caries and risk factors. , 2011, Journal of public health dentistry.

[22]  J. Cavanaugh,et al.  Mixed dentition cavitated caries incidence and dietary intake frequencies. , 2011, Pediatric dentistry.

[23]  A. Ismail,et al.  A transition scoring system of caries increment with adjustment of reversals in longitudinal study: evaluation using primary tooth surface data. , 2011, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[24]  K. Pienihäkkinen,et al.  Factors Associated with Caries Increment: A Longitudinal Study from 18 Months to 5 Years of Age , 2010, Caries Research.

[25]  R. Hickel,et al.  Development, Methodology and Potential of the New Universal Visual Scoring System (UniViSS) for Caries Detection and Diagnosis , 2009, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[26]  P. Petersen.  World Health Organization global policy for improvement of oral health--World Health Assembly 2007. , 2008, International dental journal.

[27]  S. Pocock,et al.  Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration , 2007, Epidemiology.

[28]  J. Featherstone,et al.  Clinical protocols for caries management by risk assessment. , 2007, Journal of the California Dental Association.

[29]  D. Kopycka-Kedzierawski,et al.  A longitudinal study of caries onset in initially caries-free children and baseline salivary mutans streptococci levels: a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. , 2004, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[30]  T. Marthaler,et al.  Changes in Dental Caries 1953–2003 , 2004, Caries Research.

[31]  D. Hedeker.  A mixed‐effects multinomial logistic regression model , 2003, Statistics in medicine.

[32]  G. Slade,et al.  Methodological issues in longitudinal epidemiologic studies of dental caries. , 1998, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[33]  G. Koch,et al.  A method for adjusting caries increments for reversals due to examiner misclassification. , 1995, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[34]  S. Croucher,et al.  Surveys , 1965, Understanding Communication Research Methods.

[35]  U. Mansmann,et al.  Diagnostic performance of the universal visual scoring system (UniViSS) on occlusal surfaces , 2010, Clinical Oral Investigations.

[36]  T. Marthaler,et al.  The prevalence of dental caries in Europe 1990-1995. ORCA Saturday afternoon symposium 1995. , 1996, Caries research.

[37]  O. B. Dirks,et al.  Longitudinal dental caries study in children 9–15 years of age , 1961 .