An Overview of Operational Oceanography

Operational oceanography is like weather forecasting for the ocean, it provides estimates of ocean variables (temperature, currents, surface height, etc.) for the past, present, and future. There is a systematic focus on sustained operational ocean observing systems, estimates of the current state, short-range predictions and ocean reanalyses. Operational oceanography systems provide routine and fully supported production and delivery of oceanographic information at pre-determined and agreed upon service levels. Nowadays, many operational oceanography systems cover global-to-coastal marine environments, and physical and biogeochemical properties, with active research underway to eventually include ecosystems. Operational oceanography involves and benefits marine industries, service providers, government agencies, and research and development (R&D) providers. it possible to obtain near real-time measurements of sea surface height anomalies, sea surface temperature (SST), and ocean colour. These key observations have, for the first time, enabled ocean forecasting applications (Fu and Cazenave, 2001). The realisation of a network of 3,000 Argo profiling floats freely reporting temperature and salinity profiles to 2,000 m depth in a timely fashion has transformed the in situ ocean measurement network in the new millennium. This enables oceanographers to continuously monitor the temperature, salinity, and velocity of the upper ocean, with all data being relayed and made publicly available within hours after

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