Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth

[1]  Saroj Saigal,et al.  An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood , 2008, The Lancet.

[2]  W. Carlo,et al.  The Alabama Preterm Birth Study: umbilical cord blood Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis cultures in very preterm newborn infants. , 2008, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[3]  C. Holzman,et al.  Histologic chorioamnionitis and preterm delivery. , 2007, American journal of epidemiology.

[4]  R. Reading.  Socioeconomic inequalities in very preterm birth rates , 2007 .

[5]  M. Gissler,et al.  Preterm Delivery After Surgical Treatment for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia , 2007, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[6]  Roberto Romero,et al.  The fetal inflammatory response syndrome. , 1998, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[7]  J. Stockman.  Birth Spacing and Risk of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: A Meta-analysis , 2007 .

[8]  Leonardo Pereira,et al.  Proteomic analysis of cervical-vaginal fluid: identification of novel biomarkers for detection of intra-amniotic infection. , 2007, Journal of proteome research.

[9]  J. Martin,et al.  Births: preliminary data for 2005. , 2006, National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System.

[10]  R. Romero,et al.  The preterm parturition syndrome , 2006, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[11]  B. Sibai,et al.  A prospective masked observational study of uterine contraction frequency in twins. , 2006, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[12]  Gerard Tromp,et al.  The use of high‐dimensional biology (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to understand the preterm parturition syndrome , 2006, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[13]  J. Dayan,et al.  Prenatal Depression, Prenatal Anxiety, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Prospective Cohort Study Among Women With Early and Regular Care , 2006, Psychosomatic medicine.

[14]  D. Chou,et al.  Placental inflammation and viral infection are implicated in second trimester pregnancy loss. , 2006, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[15]  J. Hauth,et al.  The Alabama Preterm Birth Project: placental histology in recurrent spontaneous and indicated preterm birth. , 2006, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[16]  C. Ananth,et al.  Recurrence of spontaneous versus medically indicated preterm birth. , 2006, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[17]  F. Surita,et al.  Predictors of preterm birth , 2006, International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.

[18]  Scott M. Williams,et al.  Multilocus interactions at maternal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, tumor necrosis factor receptors, interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor genes predict spontaneous preterm labor in European-American women. , 2006, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[19]  T. Farley,et al.  The relationship between the neighbourhood environment and adverse birth outcomes. , 2006, Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology.

[20]  A. Daltveit,et al.  Secular trends in socio-economic status and the implications for preterm birth. , 2006, Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology.

[21]  A. Conde-Agudelo,et al.  Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. , 2006, JAMA.

[22]  E. Norwitz,et al.  Mechanisms of progesterone action in inhibiting prematurity , 2006, The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.

[23]  C. Ananth,et al.  Epidemiology of preterm birth and its clinical subtypes , 2006, The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians.

[24]  D. Savitz,et al.  Physical Exertion at Work and the Risk of Preterm Delivery and Small-for-Gestational- Age Birth , 2005, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[25]  Krista S Crider,et al.  Genetic variation associated with preterm birth: A HuGE review , 2005, Genetics in Medicine.

[26]  Gerald Gartlehner,et al.  Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Incidence , 2005, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[27]  J. Hauth,et al.  Endometrial microbial colonization and plasma cell endometritis after spontaneous or indicated preterm versus term delivery. , 2005, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[28]  R. Goldenberg,et al.  Maternal Infection and Adverse Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes , 2005, Clinics in Perinatology.

[29]  Stephen J Chanock,et al.  Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth is Associated With Common Proinflammatory Cytokine Polymorphisms , 2005, Epidemiology.

[30]  R. Goldenberg,et al.  Biochemical markers for the prediction of preterm birth. , 2005, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[31]  T. Scholl.  Iron status during pregnancy: setting the stage for mother and infant. , 2005, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[32]  K. Joseph,et al.  Trends in Preterm Birth and Perinatal Mortality Among Singletons: United States, 1989 Through 2000 , 2005, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[33]  Steve N Caritis,et al.  The Preterm Prediction Study: association between maternal body mass index and spontaneous and indicated preterm birth. , 2005, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[34]  A. Edwards,et al.  Bacteria and Inflammatory Cells in Fetal Membranes Do Not Always Cause Preterm Labor , 2005, Pediatric Research.

[35]  Mitzi L. Dean,et al.  Prepregnancy health status and the risk of preterm delivery. , 2005, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[36]  J. Hauth,et al.  Periodontal Disease and Upper Genital Tract Inflammation in Early Spontaneous Preterm Birth , 2004, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[37]  J. Krieger,et al.  Identification and sequencing of bacterial rDNAs in culture-negative amniotic fluid from women in premature labor. , 2004, American journal of perinatology.

[38]  Samuel Parry,et al.  A polymorphism in the promoter region of TNF and bacterial vaginosis: preliminary evidence of gene-environment interaction in the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth. , 2004, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[39]  N. Lelong,et al.  Employment, working conditions, and preterm birth: results from the Europop case-control survey , 2004, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

[40]  Sven Cnattingius,et al.  The epidemiology of smoking during pregnancy: smoking prevalence, maternal characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes. , 2004, Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.

[41]  Yvonne W Wu,et al.  Perinatal Outcomes in Singletons Following In Vitro Fertilization: A Meta-Analysis , 2004, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[42]  P. Wadhwa,et al.  Stress and Preterm Birth: Neuroendocrine, Immune/Inflammatory, and Vascular Mechanisms , 2001, Maternal and Child Health Journal.

[43]  W. Andrews,et al.  Biochemical predictors of preterm labor: fetal fibronectin and salivary estriol. , 2003, Clinics in perinatology.

[44]  R. Romero,et al.  The clinical significance of detecting Ureaplasma urealyticum by the polymerase chain reaction in the amniotic fluid of patients with preterm labor. , 2003, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[45]  R. P. Heine,et al.  Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[46]  J. Pell,et al.  Interpregnancy interval and risk of preterm birth and neonatal death: retrospective cohort study , 2003, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[47]  R. Goldenberg.  The plausibility of micronutrient deficiency in relationship to perinatal infection. , 2003, The Journal of nutrition.

[48]  R. Goldenberg,et al.  Some thoughts on body mass index, micronutrient intakes and pregnancy outcome. , 2003, The Journal of nutrition.

[49]  N. Uldbjerg,et al.  Preterm delivery , 2005, Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica.

[50]  S. James,et al.  Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and spontaneous preterm births among African-American women in Baltimore, Maryland. , 2002, American journal of epidemiology.

[51]  M. Dombrowski,et al.  The Preterm Prediction Study: the value of serum alkaline phosphatase, alpha-fetoprotein, plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone, and other serum markers for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth. , 2002, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[52]  J. Manson,et al.  Relation between markers of systemic vascular inflammation and smoking in women. , 2002, The American journal of cardiology.

[53]  Elizabeth A Thom,et al.  Frequency of uterine contractions and the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[54]  Tianhua Niu,et al.  Maternal cigarette smoking, metabolic gene polymorphism, and infant birth weight. , 2002, JAMA.

[55]  K. Joseph,et al.  Trends in preterm birth and neonatal mortality among blacks and whites in the United States from 1989 to 1997. , 2001, American journal of epidemiology.

[56]  A. Chicz–DeMet,et al.  Stress, infection and preterm birth: a biobehavioural perspective. , 2001, Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology.

[57]  J. Hauth,et al.  Periodontal infection and preterm birth: results of a prospective study. , 2001, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[58]  R. Romero,et al.  The role of infection in preterm labour and delivery. , 2001, Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology.

[59]  Stephen K. Smith,et al.  Fetal Endocrine Signals and Preterm Labor , 2001, Neonatology.

[60]  R. Goldenberg,et al.  Vaginal Fetal Fibronectin Levels and Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Symptomatic Women , 2001, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[61]  M. Dombrowski,et al.  Occupational fatigue and preterm premature rupture of membranes. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Units Network. , 2001, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[62]  Harvesting the fruits of the human genome , 2001, Nature Genetics.

[63]  M. Dombrowski,et al.  The Preterm Prediction Study: prediction of preterm premature rupture of membranes through clinical findings and ancillary testing. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. , 2000, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[64]  N. Benowitz,et al.  The use of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation during pregnancy , 2000, Tobacco control.

[65]  R L Andres,et al.  Perinatal complications associated with maternal tobacco use. , 2000, Seminars in neonatology : SN.

[66]  J. Hauth,et al.  Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[67]  R. Romero,et al.  Fetal exposure to an intra-amniotic inflammation and the development of cerebral palsy at the age of three years. , 2000, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[68]  J. Hauth,et al.  Second‐Trimester Cervical Ultrasound: Associations With Increased Risk for Recurrent Early Spontaneous Delivery , 2000, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[69]  D. Holtzman,et al.  Trends in pregnancy-related smoking rates in the United States, 1987-1996. , 2000, JAMA.

[70]  A. Kaider,et al.  Cervical length and dilatation of the internal cervical os detected by vaginal ultrasonography as markers for preterm delivery: A systematic review. , 1999, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[71]  M. Dombrowski,et al.  The preterm prediction study: effect of gestational age and cause of preterm birth on subsequent obstetric outcome. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. , 1999, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[72]  R. Romero,et al.  A systemic fetal inflammatory response and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. , 1999, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[73]  J. Towbin,et al.  Intrauterine Viral Infection at the Time of Second Trimester Genetic Amniocentesis , 1998, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[74]  S. Zucker,et al.  Prenatal Plasma Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 Levels to Predict Spontaneous Preterm Birth , 1998, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[75]  D. Rouse,et al.  Prevention of premature birth. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[76]  F. Ghezzi,et al.  A fetal systemic inflammatory response is followed by the spontaneous onset of preterm parturition. , 1998, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[77]  S. Socransky,et al.  Potential pathogenic mechanisms of periodontitis associated pregnancy complications. , 1998, Annals of periodontology.

[78]  A. Winkvist,et al.  Familial patterns in birth characteristics: impact on individual and population risks. , 1998, International journal of epidemiology.

[79]  L. Kuller,et al.  Lifetime smoking exposure affects the association of C-reactive protein with cardiovascular disease risk factors and subclinical disease in healthy elderly subjects. , 1997, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[80]  S. Gennaro,et al.  Caregiving to Very Low Birthweight Infants: A Model of Stress and Immune Response , 1997, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.

[81]  T. Porter,et al.  The Risk of Preterm Birth Across Generations , 1997, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[82]  M. Krohn,et al.  Trichomonas vaginalis Associated With Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery , 1997, Sexually transmitted diseases.

[83]  M. Krohn,et al.  Broad-spectrum bacterial rDNA polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting amniotic fluid infection among women in premature labor. , 1997, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[84]  R. Goldenberg,et al.  Sexually transmitted diseases and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. , 1997, Clinics in perinatology.

[85]  J. Collins,et al.  Racial differences in post-neonatal mortality in Chicago: what risk factors explain the black infant's disadvantage? , 1997, Ethnicity & health.

[86]  D. Savitz,et al.  Employment, job strain, and preterm delivery among women in North Carolina. , 1997, American journal of public health.

[87]  A. Meier,et al.  The preterm prediction study: maternal stress is associated with spontaneous preterm birth at less than thirty-five weeks' gestation. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. , 1996, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[88]  H. Hoffman,et al.  Medical, psychosocial, and behavioral risk factors do not explain the increased risk for low birth weight among black women. , 1996, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[89]  J. Beck,et al.  Periodontal Infection as a Possible Risk Factor for Preterm Low Birth Weight. , 1996, Journal of periodontology.

[90]  S. Hoffman,et al.  Stress, social support and pregnancy outcome: a reassessment based on recent research. , 1996, Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology.

[91]  M. Skurnik,et al.  Bacterial 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction in the detection of intra‐amniotic infection , 1996, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[92]  B. Blondel,et al.  [The length of the cervix and the risk of spontaneous premature delivery]. , 1996, Revue d'epidemiologie et de sante publique.

[93]  R. Romero,et al.  Interleukin-6 concentrations in umbilical cord plasma are elevated in neonates with white matter lesions associated with periventricular leukomalacia. , 1996, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[94]  B. Mercer,et al.  The preterm prediction study: fetal fibronectin testing and spontaneous preterm birth , 1996, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[95]  M. Krohn,et al.  Bacterial colonization of the vagina during pregnancy in four ethnic groups. , 1996, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[96]  R. Goldenberg,et al.  Prepregnancy weight and pregnancy outcome. , 1996, JAMA.

[97]  K. Fiscella,et al.  Racial disparities in preterm births. The role of urogenital infections. , 1996, Public health reports.

[98]  K. Nicolaides,et al.  Lower genital tract swabs in the prediction of intrauterine infection in preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes , 1996, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[99]  K. Fiscella.  Race, perinatal outcome, and amniotic infection. , 1996, Obstetrical & gynecological survey.

[100]  Mary Frances Cotch,et al.  Association between Bacterial Vaginosis and Preterm Delivery of a Low-Birth-Weight Infant , 1995 .

[101]  J. Hauth,et al.  Preterm labor: emerging role of genital tract infections. , 1995, Infectious agents and disease.

[102]  E. Thom,et al.  The preterm prediction study: significance of vaginal infections. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. , 1995, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[103]  R. Romero,et al.  Amniotic fluid interleukin-6: correlation with upper genital tract microbial colonization and gestational age in women delivered after spontaneous labor versus indicated delivery. , 1995, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[104]  M. Krohn,et al.  The Genital Flora of Women with Intraamniotic Infection , 1995 .

[105]  M A Krohn,et al.  The role of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal bacteria in amniotic fluid infection in women in preterm labor with intact fetal membranes. , 1995, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[106]  R. Romero,et al.  Infection of the amniotic cavity with Ureaplasma urealyticum in the midtrimester of pregnancy. , 1995, The Journal of reproductive medicine.

[107]  J. Iams,et al.  Cervical competence as a continuum: a study of ultrasonographic cervical length and obstetric performance. , 1995, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[108]  Orr St,et al.  Maternal Depressive Symptoms and the Risk of Poor Pregnancy Outcome Review of the Literature and Preliminary Findings , 1995 .

[109]  R. Edelman,et al.  "Association between Bacterial Vaginosis and Preterm Delivery of a Low- birth-weight Infant." , 1996 .

[110]  K D Burau,et al.  Diurnal and Gestational Patterns of Uterine Activity in Normal Human Pregnancy , 1994, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[111]  J. Horm,et al.  Negative moods as correlates of smoking and heavier drinking: implications for health promotion. , 1993, Advance data.

[112]  J. Desmyter,et al.  The association of gonorrhoea and syphilis with premature birth and low birthweight. , 1993, Genitourinary medicine.

[113]  N. Soni,et al.  C-reactive protein and its cytokine mediators in intensive-care patients. , 1993, Clinical chemistry.

[114]  R. Thomson,,et al.  Adverse outcome in pregnancy following amniotic fluid isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum. , 1993, Prenatal diagnosis.

[115]  R. Romero,et al.  Infection and labor. VIII. Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in patients with suspected cervical incompetence: prevalence and clinical significance. , 1992, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[116]  H. Hoffman,et al.  Maternal serum folate and zinc concentrations and their relationships to pregnancy outcome. , 1992, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[117]  R. Romero,et al.  A review of premature birth and subclinical infection. , 1992, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[118]  M. Krohn,et al.  The association of occult amniotic fluid infection with gestational age and neonatal outcome among women in preterm labor. , 1992, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[119]  R. Thomson,,et al.  Adverse outcome in pregnancy following amniotic fluid isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum , 1992, Prenatal diagnosis.

[120]  S. Scrimshaw,et al.  Prenatal maternal stress and prematurity: a prospective study of socioeconomically disadvantaged women. , 1992, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[121]  Richard O. Davis,et al.  Etiologies of Preterm Birth in an Indigent Population: Is Prevention a Logical Expectation? , 1991, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[122]  M A Krohn,et al.  Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation , 1991, Journal of clinical microbiology.

[123]  S Falkow,et al.  The agent of bacillary angiomatosis. An approach to the identification of uncultured pathogens. , 1990, The New England journal of medicine.

[124]  E. Mueller-Heubach,et al.  Histologic Chorioamnionitis and Preterm Delivery in Different Patient Populations , 1990, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[125]  G. Cutter,et al.  Warning symptoms, uterine contractions, and cervical examination findings in women at risk of preterm delivery. , 1990, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[126]  M. Onis,et al.  The effect of maternal work on fetal growth and duration of pregnancy: a prospective study , 1990, British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[127]  J. Hobbins,et al.  Infection and labor. V. Prevalence, microbiology, and clinical significance of intraamniotic infection in women with preterm labor and intact membranes , 1990, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[128]  J. Hobbins,et al.  Infection and labor V. Prevalence, microbiology, and clinical significance of intraamniotic infection in women with preterm labor and intact membranes , 1989 .

[129]  H. Bauchner,et al.  Depressive symptoms during pregnancy: Relationship to poor health behaviors , 1989, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[130]  J. Hobbins,et al.  Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Preterm Delivery/Low Birth Weight , 1989, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[131]  R. Romero,et al.  Intraamniotic infection and the onset of labor in preterm premature rupture of the membranes. , 1988, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[132]  M. Nageotte,et al.  Quantitation of uterine activity preceding preterm, term, and postterm labor. , 1988, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[133]  E. Baulieu,et al.  Effects of the antiprogesterone RU 486 on preterm birth in the rat. , 1987, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[134]  R. Sweet,et al.  Chlamydia trachomatis infection and pregnancy outcome. , 1987, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[135]  M C McCormick,et al.  The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity. , 1985, The New England journal of medicine.

[136]  K. Waites,et al.  Isolation of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from amniotic fluid at 16-20 weeks of gestation: potential effect on outcome of pregnancy. , 1983, Sexually transmitted diseases.

[137]  K. Holmes,et al.  Nonspecific vaginitis: Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations , 1983 .

[138]  J. Iams,et al.  Prevention of preterm birth. , 1988, Seminars in perinatology.

[139]  G. Liggins,et al.  Parturition in the sheep. , 1977, Ciba Foundation symposium.

[140]  M. Thiéry,et al.  Spontaneous and induced labor: Two roles for the prostaglandins. , 1977, Obstetrics and gynecology annual.

[141]  K Funaki,et al.  [Prevention of premature birth]. , 1971, Sanfujinka no jissai. Practice of gynecology and obstetrics.

[142]  A. Turnbull,et al.  THE RELATIONSHIP IN ANENCEPHALY BETWEEN THE SIZE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND THE LENGTH OF GESTATION , 1969, The Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of the British Commonwealth.

[143]  A. Mannini,et al.  The effect of Asian influenza on the outcome of pregnancy, Baltimore, 1957-1958. , 1961, American journal of public health and the nation's health.

[144]  P. Horn.  Poliomyelitis in Pregnancy: A twenty-year report from Los Angeles County, California , 1955, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[145]  M MAYER,et al.  [The prevention of premature birth]. , 1953, La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris.

[146]  G. Anderson,et al.  Poliomyelitis in pregnancy. , 1952, American journal of hygiene.

[147]  J. K. Hoerner,et al.  The role of infection in premature rupture of the membranes. , 1950, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.