Instruktionale Unterstützung beim Fertigkeitserwerb aus Beispielen in hypertextbasierten Lernumgebungen

Zusammenfassung: Nach Gerjets, Scheiter und Tack (2000, 2003) eignen sich Hypertexte zur Forderung des Fertigkeitserwerbs aus Beispielen. Viele Lernende nutzen dieses didaktische Potenzial jedoch nicht. In drei Experimenten (jeweils N = 80) wurden daher instruktionale Unterstutzungsmethoden zur Kompensation strategischer Defizite untersucht. In Experiment 1 wurde gepruft, ob eine Linearisierung des Lernmaterials durch eine Reduktion von Kontrollanforderungen und eine quantitative Steigerung der Beispielnutzung die Leistung verbessert. In Experiment 2 wurde durch unvollstandige Losungsbeispiele und Feedback versucht, eine qualitativ intensivere Auseinandersetzung mit Beispielen anzuregen und Verstandnisillusionen zu reduzieren. In Experiment 3 wurden Verarbeitungsprompts eingesetzt, um eine intensivere Elaboration der Beziehungen zwischen abstrakter Information und Beispielen zu bewirken. Die Experimente zeigen, dass vor allem Prompts Lernende dazu anregen, die Vorteile von Hypertexten zu nutzen.

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