Fuzzy C-means clustering for DNA computing readout method implemented on LightCycler System

In the previous work, a readout approach for the Hamiltonian path problem (HPP) in DNA computing, based on the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was proposed. Based on this approach, real-time amplification was performed with TaqMan probes, and the TaqMan detection mechanism was exploited for the design and development of the readout approach. The readout approach consists of two steps: real-time amplification in vitro using TaqMan-based real-time PCR, followed by information processing in silico to assess the results of real-time amplification, which in turn, enables extraction of the Hamiltonian path. However, the previous method used manual classification of two different output reactions of real-time PCR. In this paper, the fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm is used to automatically identify two different reactions in real-time PCR. We show that the FCM clustering technique can be implemented for clustering the output results of the DNA computing readout method based on the LightCycler system.

[1]  L M Adleman,et al.  Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems. , 1994, Science.

[2]  David Harlan Wood,et al.  Universal Biochip Readout of Directed Hamiltonian Path Problems , 2002, DNA.

[3]  K. Mullis,et al.  Specific enzymatic amplification of DNA in vitro: the polymerase chain reaction. , 1986, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[4]  James C. Bezdek,et al.  Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms , 1981, Advanced Applications in Pattern Recognition.

[5]  Nigel J. Walker,et al.  A Technique Whose Time Has Come , 2002, Science.

[6]  David Harlan Wood A DNA Computing Algorithm for Directed Hamiltonian Paths , 1998 .

[7]  Marzuki Khalid,et al.  A New Readout Approach in DNA Computing Based on Real-Time PCR with TaqMan Probes , 2006, DNA.

[8]  K. Livak,et al.  Real time quantitative PCR. , 1996, Genome research.

[9]  B. Decallonne,et al.  The use of real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for the quantification of cytokine gene expression. , 2003, Journal of biomolecular techniques : JBT.

[10]  R. Abramson,et al.  Detection of specific polymerase chain reaction product by utilizing the 5'----3' exonuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  W. Peizhuang Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms (James C. Bezdek) , 1983 .

[12]  J. Lakowicz Principles of fluorescence spectroscopy , 1983 .