Cognitive correlates of supratentorial atrophy on MRI in multiple sclerosis

Objectives– We aimed to investigate associations between neuropsychological indices and normalized volumes of supratentorial structures, and the area of the corpus callosum. Materials and methods– We studied 40 patients with clinically definite MS, using 3D‐acquired MRI (MPRAGE, Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echo) and stereology. Subjects underwent a neuropsychological battery interrogating multiple cognitive domains, from which a global Cognitive Index Score (CIS) was derived. Results– White matter volumes were significantly correlated with CIS (rho=−0.59, P<0.0001) and with many of the individual cognitive tests. CIS was also significantly correlated with the corpus callosal area (rho=−0.49, P<0.002). Grey matter volumes did not significantly correlate with any cognitive test. Conclusions– These volume/function relationships presumably reflect the effects of subcortical axonal and myelin loss on the neural networks that subserve cognition. If serial MRI volume estimations can index accumulating cognitive deficits, this simple technique may be useful in therapeutic trials.

[1]  V. Haughton,et al.  Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging with neuropsychological testing in multiple sclerosis , 1989, Neurology.

[2]  松岡 恵子,et al.  日本語版National Adult Reading Test(JART)の作成 , 2002 .

[3]  J. Hatazawa,et al.  Sex Difference in Brain Atrophy During Aging: A Quantitative Study with Computed Tomography , 1982, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[4]  D. Li,et al.  Benign versus chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: Magnetic resonance imaging features , 1989, Annals of neurology.

[5]  L. Cruz-Orive,et al.  Unbiased estimation of human body composition by the Cavalieri method using magnetic resonance imaging , 1993, Journal of microscopy.

[6]  L Bozzao,et al.  SPECT, MRI and cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis. , 1991, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[7]  Terry L. Jernigan,et al.  Cerebral structure on MRI, Part I: Localization of age-related changes , 1991, Biological Psychiatry.

[8]  L. Pelosi,et al.  Working memory impairment in early multiple sclerosis. Evidence from an event-related potential study of patients with clinically isolated myelopathy. , 1997, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[9]  J. Kurtzke.  Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis , 1983, Neurology.

[10]  V. Perry,et al.  Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. , 1997, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[11]  G. Barker,et al.  1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of chronic cerebral white matter lesions and normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis , 1997, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[12]  D. Silberberg,et al.  New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines for research protocols , 1983, Annals of neurology.

[13]  G. Comi,et al.  Brain magnetic resonance imaging correlates of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis , 1993, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[14]  P. Parizel,et al.  Improved correlation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with clinical status in multiple sclerosis (MS) by use of an extensive standardized imaging-protocol , 1990, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[15]  N. Butters,et al.  A preliminary study of the problem-solving strategies of detoxified long-term alcoholics. , 1982, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[16]  R. Rudick,et al.  Use of the brain parenchymal fraction to measure whole brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS , 1999, Neurology.

[17]  Cornetto.  Test , 2020, ACM Transactions on Algorithms.

[18]  D. Hannequin,et al.  Midsagittal MR measurements of the corpus callosum in healthy subjects and diseased patients: a prospective survey. , 1993, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[19]  A. Beckett,et al.  AKUFO AND IBARAPA. , 1965, Lancet.

[20]  P. Laursen.  The impact of aging on cognitive functions. An 11 year follow-up study of four age cohorts. , 1997, Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[21]  L D Blumhardt,et al.  Three dimensional MRI estimates of brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis , 1999, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[22]  D. Altman,et al.  STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT , 1986, The Lancet.

[23]  P M Matthews,et al.  Imaging axonal damage of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. , 1998, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[24]  B. Milner.  Effects of Different Brain Lesions on Card Sorting: The Role of the Frontal Lobes , 1963 .

[25]  E. Warrington,et al.  Cognitive impairment in patients with clinically isolated lesions of the type seen in multiple sclerosis. A psychometric and MRI study. , 1989, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[26]  R. Heaton,et al.  Correlation of neuropsychological and MRI findings in chronic/progressive multiple sclerosis , 1988, Neurology.

[27]  A. Thompson,et al.  Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis. A new reproducible and sensitive MRI method with potential to monitor disease progression. , 1996, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[28]  L D Blumhardt,et al.  Infratentorial atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging and disability in multiple sclerosis. , 1999, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[29]  G. Paulson,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical correlations in multiple sclerosis , 1988, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[30]  A. Thompson,et al.  Spinal cord MRI using multi‐array coils and fast spin echo , 1993, Neurology.

[31]  D. Gronwall.  Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Task: A Measure of Recovery from Concussion , 1977, Perceptual and motor skills.

[32]  Stephen M. Rao,et al.  Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. , 1991, Neurology.

[33]  S. Rao,et al.  Cerebral disconnection in multiple sclerosis. Relationship to atrophy of the corpus callosum. , 1989, Archives of neurology.

[34]  A. Thompson,et al.  Cognitive function in primary progressive and transitional progressive multiple sclerosis: a controlled study with MRI correlates. , 1999, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[35]  J A Corsellis,et al.  VARIATION WITH AGE IN THE VOLUMES OF GREY AND WHITE MATTER IN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES OF MAN: MEASUREMENTS WITH AN IMAGE ANALYSER , 1980, Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.

[36]  J. Mintz,et al.  Sex Difference in Brain Atrophy During Aging , 1983, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[37]  S. Cappa,et al.  Neuropsychological assessment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and mild functional impairment: correlation with magnetic resonance imaging. , 1990, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[38]  J H Simon,et al.  Quantitative determination of MS-induced corpus callosum atrophy in vivo using MR imaging. , 1987, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[39]  H. Adams,et al.  Progressive cerebral atrophy in MS: A serial study using registered, volumetric MRI , 2000, Neurology.

[40]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Improved correlation between scores on the expanded disability status scale and cerebral lesion load in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Results of the application of new imaging methods. , 1998, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[41]  D Lester,et al.  The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale. , 1974, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[42]  D. Wechsler.  A Standardized Memory Scale for Clinical Use , 1945 .

[43]  A J Thompson,et al.  Progressive cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis. A serial MRI study. , 1996, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[44]  R. Herndon,et al.  A longitudinal study of brain atrophy in relapsing multiple sclerosis , 1999, Neurology.

[45]  H. Halvari.  Maximal Aerobic Power as a Function of Achievement Motives, Future Time Orientation, and Perceived Intrinsic Instrumentality of Physical Tasks for Future Goals among Males , 1991 .

[46]  J. Noseworthy.  Clinical scoring methods for multiple sclerosis , 1994, Annals of neurology.

[47]  R. Knobler,et al.  A neurologic rating scale (NRS) for use in multiple sclerosis , 1984, Neurology.

[48]  R. Knobler,et al.  Neuropsychological and structural brain lesions in multiple sclerosis , 1992, Neurology.

[49]  R Kikinis,et al.  Serial neuropsychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging analysis in multiple sclerosis. , 1997, Archives of neurology.

[50]  Laura Mendozzi,et al.  MRI and cognitive patterns in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis , 1993, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[51]  J. Moses,et al.  Modal profiles for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised , 1996 .

[52]  K. Syndulko,et al.  Quantitative multiple sclerosis plaque assessment with magnetic resonance imaging. Its correlation with clinical parameters, evoked potentials, and intra-blood-brain barrier IgG synthesis. , 1990, Archives of neurology.

[53]  D. Wechsler.  Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. , 1955 .

[54]  M Filippi,et al.  Magnetization transfer imaging of patients with definite MS and negative conventional MRI , 1999, Neurology.

[55]  J K Udupa,et al.  Brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: longitudinal quantitative analysis. , 2000, Radiology.

[56]  O. Spreen,et al.  A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary , 1991 .

[57]  R. Rudick,et al.  Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[58]  H. Tobi,et al.  Correlating MRI and clinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis , 1995, Neurology.

[59]  R. Heaton.  Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual , 1993 .