Electronic Noses and Tongues

Electronic noses (e-noses) and electronic tongues (e-tongues) are sensor array devices that in combination with pattern-recognition systems can give useful information on the quality of food. Their basic principle is inspired by the neurophysiology of the senses of smell and taste. Subsequently, much time and effort are spent on methods that rapidly and automatically can estimate and measure these factors: e-noses and e-tongues offer an additional method. Analysis of multivariate data is also an essential part of these systems. This chapter examines the advances on electronic noses and tongues and their special applications to monitor food quality. In the first part, e-nose is presented and the different apparatus described in detail. In the second part, taste sensors are described in connection to batch and flow design. In the third part, the most common pattern-recognition techniques are briefly introduced. Recent applications of the e-noses and e-tongues in food and beverage are also reviewed.

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