Calculation of Lightning-induced Voltages in MODELS Including Lossy Ground Effects

The paper outlines how lightning-induced voltages (LIV) in multi-conductor overhead lines can be calculated in MODELS in the ATP-EMTP. Lossy ground effects on the radial electrical field is taken into account by the Cooray- Rubinstein approximation, but the overhead line itself is assumed to be lossless. This is a reasonable assumption for line lengths up to 1-3 km, depending on the ground resistivity. The simple transmission line model is used for the lightning channel. This is an "engineering model" and a good compromise between accuracy and complexity, based on measurable parameters. The model is valid for the first few microseconds where the peak voltage mostly occurs.

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