Anchoring Symbols to Percepts in the Fluent Calculus

The knowledge representation of an embodied, intelligent, cognitive agent typically relies on symbols denoting objects of the world on the top level and perceptual, structured data on the bottom level. The process of determining and maintaining the correct connection between a symbolic object identifier and its perceptual image, both referring to the same physical object, is called symbol anchoring.The dissertation presented here suggests a formal and general approach to the symbol anchoring problem, which enhances previous approaches in terms of generality and expressiveness.

[1]  Stevan Harnad,et al.  Symbol grounding and the origin of language , 2002 .

[2]  Alessandro Saffiotti,et al.  An introduction to the anchoring problem , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[3]  Alessandro Saffiotti,et al.  To secure an anchor - a recovery planning approach to ambiguity in perceptual anchoring , 2008, AI Commun..

[4]  Patrick Doherty,et al.  Managing Dynamic Object Structures using Hypothesis Generation and Validation , 2004 .

[5]  M. Kleinehagenbrock,et al.  Person tracking with a mobile robot based on multi-modal anchoring , 2002, Proceedings. 11th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication.

[6]  Noel E. Sharkey,et al.  Grounding computational engines , 1996, Artificial Intelligence Review.

[7]  Paul J. Olscamp,et al.  Discourse on method, Optics, Geometry, and Meteorology , 1965 .

[8]  Alessandro Saffiotti,et al.  Recovery Planning for Ambiguous Cases in Perceptual Anchoring , 2005, AAAI.

[9]  Patrick Doherty,et al.  DyKnow: A Framework for Processing Dynamic Knowledge and Object Structures in Autonomous Systems , 2004, MSRAS.

[10]  Deb Roy,et al.  Connecting language to the world , 2005, Artif. Intell..

[11]  Yann Chevaleyre,et al.  A meta-learning approach to ground symbols from visual percepts , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[12]  Peter Gärdenfors,et al.  Knowledge in Flux: Modeling the Dynamics of Epistemic States , 2008 .

[13]  Allen Newell,et al.  Computer science as empirical inquiry: symbols and search , 1976, CACM.

[14]  Alessandro Saffiotti,et al.  Anchoring Symbols to Sensor Data: Preliminary Report , 2000, AAAI/IAAI.

[15]  Alessandro Saffiotti,et al.  Situation Assessment for Sensor-Based Recovery Planning , 2006, ECAI.

[16]  Douglas B. Lenat,et al.  CYC: a large-scale investment in knowledge infrastructure , 1995, CACM.

[17]  Andrea Bonarini,et al.  Anchoring: do we need new solutions to an old problem or do we have old solutions for a new problem? , 2001 .

[18]  Sebastian Lang,et al.  Multi-modal anchoring for human-robot interaction , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[19]  E. Prem Fundamentals of Growing Concept Spaces for Autonomous Sign Users , 2002 .

[20]  Lars Karlsson,et al.  Steps toward detecting and recovering from perceptual failures , 2004 .

[21]  T. Ziemke,et al.  Rethinking Grounding , 1997 .

[22]  Michael Thielscher,et al.  Iterated Belief Revision, Revised , 2005, IJCAI.

[23]  Sven Ove Hansson,et al.  A Textbook Of Belief Dynamics , 1999 .

[24]  Silvia Coradeschi,et al.  Have another look on failures and recovery planning in perceptual anchoring , 2004 .

[25]  Alessandro Saffiotti,et al.  AAAI 2002 Fall Symposium Series Reports , 2002, AI Mag..

[26]  James J. Clark,et al.  Data Fusion for Sensory Information Processing Systems , 1990 .

[27]  Michael L. Anderson Representations, symbols, and embodiment , 2003, Artif. Intell..

[28]  Alessandro Saffiotti,et al.  Perceptual Anchoring of Symbols for Action , 2001, IJCAI.

[29]  Michael Thielscher,et al.  From Situation Calculus to Fluent Calculus: State Update Axioms as a Solution to the Inferential Frame Problem , 1999, Artif. Intell..

[30]  John McCarthy,et al.  Artificial Intelligence, Logic and Formalizing Common Sense , 1989 .

[31]  Deb Roy,et al.  Grounding Language in the World: Schema Theory Meets Semiotics , 2005 .

[32]  Alessandro Saffiotti,et al.  Fuzzy anchoring , 2001, 10th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. (Cat. No.01CH37297).

[33]  Vasant Honavar,et al.  Symbolic Artificial Intelligence and Numeric Artificial Neural Networks: Towards A Resolution of the Dichotomy , 1995 .

[34]  Paul Davidsson Toward a general solution to the symbol grounding problem: combining machine learning and computer vision , 1993, AAAI 1993.

[35]  Christopher Rasmussen,et al.  Combining laser range, color, and texture cues for autonomous road following , 2002, Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.02CH37292).

[36]  Alessandro Saffiotti,et al.  Anchoring Symbols to Vision Data by Fuzzy Logic , 1999, ESCQARU.

[37]  Silvia Coradeschi,et al.  Perceptual anchoring via conceptual spaces , 2004, AAAI 2004.

[38]  Isabelle Bloch,et al.  Some Similarities Between Anchoring and Pattern Recognition Concepts , 2001 .

[39]  P G rdenfors,et al.  Knowledge in flux: modeling the dynamics of epistemic states , 1988 .

[40]  Zhisheng Huang,et al.  Seeing is believing: A common sense theory of the adoption of perception-based beliefs , 1999, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

[41]  Hiroshi Murase,et al.  Visual learning and recognition of 3-d objects from appearance , 2005, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[42]  John McCarthy,et al.  SOME PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF ARTI CIAL INTELLIGENCE , 1987 .

[43]  Michael Thielscher,et al.  Reasoning robots - the art and science of programming robotic agents , 2005, Applied logic series.

[44]  Frank Jackson,et al.  Perception: A representative theory , 1977 .

[45]  Alessandro Saffiotti,et al.  Perceptual Anchoring: A Key Concept for Plan Execution in Embedded Systems , 2001, Advances in Plan-Based Control of Robotic Agents.

[46]  Nikolaus Correll,et al.  Robust Self-Localization in Industrial Environments based on 3D Ceiling Structures , 2006, 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[47]  Henrik I. Christensen,et al.  A Framework for Anchoring in Hybrid Deliberative Systems , 2003 .

[48]  B. Russell The Principles of Mathematics , 1938 .

[49]  Michael Thielscher,et al.  Representing the Knowledge of a Robot , 2000, KR.

[50]  M. Shanahan,et al.  Deriving Fluents from Sensor Data for Mobile Robots , 2001 .

[51]  Ernst Mach,et al.  The analysis of sensations and the relation of the physical to the psychical , 1914, The Mathematical Gazette.

[52]  A. M. Turing,et al.  Computing Machinery and Intelligence , 1950, The Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence.

[53]  Andrea Bonarini,et al.  Concepts for Anchoring in Robotics , 2001, AI*IA.

[54]  Wolfram Burgard,et al.  Tracking multiple moving objects with a mobile robot , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[55]  Sebastian Lang,et al.  Providing the basis for human-robot-interaction: a multi-modal attention system for a mobile robot , 2003, ICMI '03.

[56]  Murray Shanahan,et al.  Perception as Abduction: Turning Sensor Data Into Meaningful Representation , 2005, Cogn. Sci..

[57]  Erann Gat,et al.  Integrating Planning and Reacting in a Heterogeneous Asynchronous Architecture for Controlling Real-World Mobile Robots , 1992, AAAI.

[58]  Mariarosaria Taddeo,et al.  Solving the symbol grounding problem: a critical review of fifteen years of research , 2005, J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell..

[59]  J. Hintikka On denoting what? , 2005, Synthese.

[60]  R. Sun Symbol grounding: A new look at an old idea , 2000 .

[61]  Mark H. Bickhard Troubles with Computationalism , 1996 .

[62]  David Makinson,et al.  On the logic of theory change: Contraction functions and their associated revision functions , 2008 .

[63]  David E. Smith,et al.  Reasoning About Action I: A Possible Worlds Approach , 1987, Artif. Intell..

[64]  Stevan Harnad,et al.  Cognition is categorization , 2005 .

[65]  Michael Thielscher,et al.  Intelligent Execution Monitoring in Dynamic Environments , 2003, Fundam. Informaticae.

[66]  Deepak Kumar,et al.  A Developmental Approach to Anchoring , 2002 .