In-depth research on gender power and masculinity and various programmatic efforts to engage men have made it abundantly clear that men and boys must be an integral part of efforts to promote gender equality. This is especially relevant in India where caste class and linguistic ethnicity have tremendous influence on how men construct their sense of masculinity and define what it means to be a “real man” or what is expected of them. Recent research suggests that men’s attitudes and more broadly masculinity perpetuate son preference and to some extent intimate partner violence in India. With this in mind ICRW conducted research surveying a total of 9205 men and 3158 women aged 18-49 in the following seven states across India: Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Punjab and Haryana Odisha Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. The study findings emphasize that in India masculinity i.e. men’s controlling behavior and gender inequitable attitudes strongly determines men’s preference for sons over daughters as well as their proclivity for violence towards an intimate partner -both of which are manifestations of gender inequality. Masculine control in women’s lives affects their own experiences of intimate partner violence and preference for sons. The study finds that ultimately eliminate son preference and intimate partner violence in India it is critical to develop and implement national policies and programs that involve men in promoting gender equity and diminishing socio-cultural and religious practices thatreinforce gender discrimination.