Effects of EGb 761® Ginkgo biloba Extract on Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress

in vitro in vivo

[1]  D. Harman.  Free‐Radical Theory of Aging , 1992, Mutation research.

[2]  D. Selkoe.  Alzheimer's Disease Is a Synaptic Failure , 2002, Science.

[3]  G. Sobue,et al.  Lipid peroxidation and advanced glycation end products in the brain in normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease , 2002, Acta Neuropathologica.

[4]  G. Gibson.  Interactions of oxidative stress with cellular calcium dynamics and glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. , 2002, Free radical biology & medicine.

[5]  Gabriele Siciliano,et al.  Cytochrome c oxidase and mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase (ATP synthase) activities in platelets and brain from patients with Alzheimer’s disease , 2002, Neurobiology of Aging.

[6]  S. Rapoport,et al.  Ginkgo biloba Extracts EGb 761 and Bilobalide Increase NADH Dehydrogenase mRNA Level and Mitochondrial Respiratory Control Ratio in PC12 Cells , 2002, Neurochemical Research.

[7]  Caine W. Wong,et al.  Altered Metabolism of the Amyloid β Precursor Protein Is Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Down's Syndrome , 2002, Neuron.

[8]  M. Beal,et al.  High aggregate burden of somatic mtDNA point mutations in aging and Alzheimer's disease brain. , 2002, Human molecular genetics.

[9]  R. Hoerr,et al.  Influence of the Severity of Cognitive Impairment on the Effect of the Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761® in Alzheimer’s Disease , 2002, Neuropsychobiology.

[10]  J. Land,et al.  β‐Amyloid inhibits integrated mitochondrial respiration 
and key enzyme activities , 2001, Journal of neurochemistry.

[11]  W. G. Wood,et al.  Effects of aging and β-amyloid on the properties of brain synaptic and mitochondrial membranes , 2001, Journal of Neural Transmission.

[12]  A. Nunomura,et al.  Oxidative Damage Is the Earliest Event in Alzheimer Disease , 2001, Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology.

[13]  W. Markesbery,et al.  Changes in thiol content and expression of glutathione redox system genes in the hippocampus and cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease , 2001, Neuroscience Letters.

[14]  M. Orth,et al.  Mitochondria and degenerative disorders. , 2001, American journal of medical genetics.

[15]  M. Hennerici,et al.  Elevated Levels of Fragmented DNA Nucleosomes in Native and Activated Lymphocytes Indicate an Enhanced Sensitivity to Apoptosis in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease , 2001, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[16]  J. Martinou,et al.  Mitochondria as the central control point of apoptosis. , 2000, Trends in cell biology.

[17]  S. Leutner,et al.  Age-related changes of apoptotic cell death in human lymphocytes , 2000, Neurobiology of Aging.

[18]  T. Wei,et al.  Mechanisms of apoptosis in rat cerebellar granule cells induced by hydroxyl radicals and the effects of EGb761 and its constituents. , 2000, Toxicology.

[19]  J. Remacle,et al.  Effect of venotropic drugs on the respiratory activity of isolated mitochondria and in endothelial cells , 2000, British journal of pharmacology.

[20]  K. Z. Itil,et al.  A 26-Week Analysis of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761® in Dementia , 2000, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[21]  L. Zhou,et al.  Reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and protective effect of bilobalide. , 2000, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[22]  Y. Ihara,et al.  Oxidative stress induces intracellular accumulation of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) in human neuroblastoma cells. , 2000, Biochemistry.

[23]  C. Michiels,et al.  Protection by bilobalide of the ischaemia‐induced alterations of the mitochondrial respiratory activity , 2000, Fundamental & clinical pharmacology.

[24]  A. Nunomura,et al.  Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer disease , 2000, Neurobiology of Aging.

[25]  Y Li,et al.  [Mitochondria and apoptosis]. , 2000, Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine].

[26]  T. Wei,et al.  Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells: protection by Ginkgo biloba extract. , 2000, Pharmacological research.

[27]  Y. Christen,et al.  Oxidative stress and Alzheimer disease. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[28]  C. Sluse-Goffart,et al.  EGb 761 protects liver mitochondria against injury induced by in vitro anoxia/reoxygenation. , 1999, Free radical biology & medicine.

[29]  C. Chinopoulos,et al.  Depolarization of In Situ Mitochondria Due to Hydrogen Peroxide‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Nerve Terminals , 1999, Journal of neurochemistry.

[30]  J. Remacle,et al.  Protection of mitochondrial respiration activity by bilobalide. , 1999, Biochemical pharmacology.

[31]  K. Abe,et al.  Both oxidative stress-dependent and independent effects of amyloid β protein are detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay , 1999, Brain Research.

[32]  L. Packer,et al.  Different effects of the constituents of EGb761 on apoptosis in rat cerebellar granule cells induced by hydroxyl radicals , 1999, Biochemistry and molecular biology international.

[33]  B. Ahlemeyer,et al.  Inhibition of serum deprivation- and staurosporine-induced neuronal apoptosis by Ginkgo biloba extract and some of its constituents. , 1999, European journal of pharmacology.

[34]  D. Schubert,et al.  Steroid Hormones Block Amyloid Fibril‐Induced 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) Formazan Exocytosis: Relationship to Neurotoxicity , 1998, Journal of neurochemistry.

[35]  W. Tatton,et al.  Mitochondria in neurodegenerative apoptosis: An opportunity for therapy? , 1998, Annals of neurology.

[36]  G. Kroemer,et al.  Mitochondria as regulators of apoptosis: doubt no more. , 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[37]  C. Cotman,et al.  Enhanced vulnerability to apoptotic cell death in sporadic Alzheimer's disease , 1998, Neuroreport.

[38]  John Calvin Reed,et al.  Bcl-2 family proteins and mitochondria. , 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[39]  W. Tatton,et al.  Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Nuclear Changes in Apoptosis Caused by Serum and Nerve Growth Factor Withdrawal: Time Course and Modification by (؊)-deprenyl , 2022 .

[40]  J. Sastre,et al.  A Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) prevents mitochondrial aging by protecting against oxidative stress. , 1998, Free radical biology & medicine.

[41]  Turan M. Itil,et al.  A Placebo-Controlled, Double-blind, Randomized Trial of an Extract of Ginkgo Biloba for Dementia , 1997 .

[42]  N. Cairns,et al.  An Assessment of Oxidative Damage to Proteins, Lipids, and DNA in Brain from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease , 1997, Journal of neurochemistry.

[43]  W. Herrmann,et al.  Proof of efficacy of the Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in outpatients suffering from mild to moderate primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type or multi-infarct dementia. , 1997, Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.

[44]  W. Malorni,et al.  Different pathways of apoptosis revealed by 2‐chloro‐adenosine and deoxy‐D‐ribose in mammalian astroglial cells , 1997, Journal of neuroscience research.

[45]  J. Thome,et al.  Advanced glycation endproducts in ageing and Alzheimer's disease , 1997, Brain Research Reviews.

[46]  M. Beal.  Mitochondria, free radicals, and neurodegeneration , 1996, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[47]  J. Hou,et al.  Preventive effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on apoptosis in rat cerebellar neuronal cells induced by hydroxyl radicals , 1996, Neuroscience Letters.

[48]  W. Müller,et al.  Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761) Independently Improves Changes in Passive Avoidance Learning and Brain Membrane Fluidity in the Aging Mouse , 1996, Pharmacopsychiatry.

[49]  Y. Oyama,et al.  Ginkgo biloba extract protects brain neurons against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide , 1996, Brain Research.

[50]  J. Remacle,et al.  Protection of hypoxia-induced ATP decrease in endothelial cells by ginkgo biloba extract and bilobalide. , 1995, Biochemical pharmacology.

[51]  H. Semlitsch,et al.  Cognitive Psychophysiology in Nootropic Drug Research: Effects of Ginkgo biloba on Event-related Potentials (P300) in Age-associated Memory Impairment , 1995, Pharmacopsychiatry.

[52]  C. Cotman,et al.  Apoptosis is induced by beta-amyloid in cultured central nervous system neurons. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[53]  G. Forloni,et al.  Apoptosis mediated neurotoxicity induced by chronic application of beta amyloid fragment 25-35. , 1993, Neuroreport.

[54]  C. Cotman,et al.  Aggregation-related toxicity of synthetic beta-amyloid protein in hippocampal cultures. , 1991, European journal of pharmacology.

[55]  S. Leutner,et al.  Age-related increase of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in mice Prevention by Ginkgo biloba extract ( EGb 761 ) , 2001 .

[56]  S. Budd,et al.  Mitochondria and neuronal survival. , 2000, Physiological reviews.

[57]  L. Zhou,et al.  Protective effects of bilobalide on amyloid beta-peptide 25-35-induced PC12 cell cytotoxicity. , 2000, Acta pharmacologica Sinica.

[58]  Y. Christen,et al.  The Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) protects hippocampal neurons against cell death induced by beta-amyloid. , 2000, The European journal of neuroscience.

[59]  J. Blass,et al.  The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in neurodegeneration. , 2000, Neurochemistry international.

[60]  W. Müller,et al.  beta-Amyloid peptide decreases membrane fluidity. , 1995, Brain research.

[61]  C. Bieberich,et al.  The Alzheimer's Aβ peptide induces neurodegeneration and apoptotic cell death in transgenic mice , 1995, Nature Genetics.

[62]  M. Mattson,et al.  beta-Amyloid peptide free radical fragments initiate synaptosomal lipoperoxidation in a sequence-specific fashion: implications to Alzheimer's disease. , 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.