Effects of carbon sources on the enrichment of halophilic polyhydroxyalkanoate-storing mixed microbial culture in an aerobic dynamic feeding process

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production serves as a substitute for petroleum-based plastics. Enriching mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) with the capacity to store PHA is a key precursor for low-cost PHA production. This study investigated the impact of carbon types on enrichment outcomes. Three MMCs were separately fed by acetate sodium, glucose, and starch as an enriching carbon source, and were exposed to long-term aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) periods. The PHA production capacity, kinetics and stoichiometry of the enrichments, the PHA composition, and the microbial diversity and community composition were explored to determine carbon and enrichment correlations. After 350-cycle enriching periods under feast-famine (F-F) regimes, the MMCs enriched by acetate sodium and glucose contained a maximum PHA content of 64.7% and 60.5% cell dry weight (CDW). The starch-enriched MMC only had 27.3% CDW of PHA. High-throughput sequencing revealed that non-PHA bacteria survived alongside PHA storing bacteria, even under severe F-F selective pressure. Genus of Pseudomonas and Stappia were the possible PHA accumulating bacteria in acetate-enriched MMC. Genus of Oceanicella, Piscicoccus and Vibrio were found as PHA accumulating bacteria in glucose-enriched MMC. Vibrio genus was the only PHA accumulating bacteria in starch-enriched MMC. The community diversity and composition were regulated by the substrate types.

[1]  P. Mccarty,et al.  Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications , 2000 .

[2]  S. Harayama,et al.  Mobilicoccus pelagius gen. nov., sp. nov. and Piscicoccus intestinalis gen. nov., sp. nov., two new members of the family Dermatophilaceae, and reclassification of Dermatophilus chelonae (Masters et al. 1995) as Austwickia chelonae gen. nov., comb. nov. , 2010, The Journal of general and applied microbiology.

[3]  D. Dionisi,et al.  Storage of biodegradable polymers by an enriched microbial community in a sequencing batch reactor operated at high organic load rate , 2005 .

[4]  R. Hatti-Kaul,et al.  Synthesis and production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by halophiles: current potential and future prospects , 2010, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[5]  Sang Yup Lee,et al.  Plastic bacteria? Progress and prospects for polyhydroxyalkanoate production in bacteria , 1996 .

[6]  D. Freire,et al.  Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from waste materials and by-products by submerged and solid-state fermentation. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[7]  M. V. van Loosdrecht,et al.  Polyhydroxybutyrate production from lactate using a mixed microbial culture , 2011, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[8]  Zhongzhi Zhang,et al.  Biological treatment of oilfield-produced water : A field pilot study , 2009 .

[9]  M. V. van Loosdrecht,et al.  Impact of non-storing biomass on PHA production: an enrichment culture on acetate and methanol. , 2014, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[10]  B. Ferrari,et al.  The ecological controls on the prevalence of candidate division TM7 in polar regions , 2014, Front. Microbiol..

[11]  P. Lemos,et al.  Crude glycerol as feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoates production by mixed microbial cultures. , 2014, Water research.

[12]  D. Dionisi,et al.  Enrichment of activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor for polyhydroxyalkanoate production. , 2006, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[13]  S. Ji,et al.  Start-up of halophilic nitrogen removal via nitrite from hypersaline wastewater by estuarine sediments in sequencing batch reactor , 2014, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.

[14]  M. V. van Loosdrecht,et al.  Model‐based data evaluation of polyhydroxybutyrate producing mixed microbial cultures in aerobic sequencing batch and fed‐batch reactors , 2009, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[15]  J. Keasling,et al.  Metabolic Engineering of a Novel Propionate-Independent Pathway for the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) in Recombinant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium , 2002, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[16]  M. V. van Loosdrecht,et al.  Short- and long-term temperature effects on aerobic polyhydroxybutyrate producing mixed cultures. , 2010, Water research.

[17]  Mark C M van Loosdrecht,et al.  Effect of feeding pattern and storage on the sludge settleability under aerobic conditions. , 2003, Water research.

[18]  P. Somal,et al.  Bioproduction of polyhydroxyalkanoates from bacteria: a metabolic approach , 2008 .

[19]  M. Reis,et al.  Strategies for PHA production by mixed cultures and renewable waste materials , 2008, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[20]  J. Mukherjee,et al.  Utilization of vinasse for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate by Haloarcula marismortui , 2012, Folia Microbiologica.

[21]  P. Bonin,et al.  Fatty acid composition of bacterial strains associated with living cells of the haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi , 2010 .

[22]  D. Mishra,et al.  Production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates by activated sludge enriched under periodic feeding with nonanoic acid. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[23]  X. Zhuang,et al.  Progress in decontamination by halophilic microorganisms in saline wastewater and soil. , 2010, Environmental pollution.

[24]  Anna Salerno,et al.  Biodegradable Latexes from Animal-Derived Waste: Biosynthesis and Characterization of mcl-PHA accumulated by Ps. citronellolis , 2013 .

[25]  J. Llorens,et al.  Poly 3-(hydroxyalkanoates) produced from oily substrates by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 (NCBIM 40044): Effect of nutrients and incubation temperature on polymer composition , 2007 .

[26]  M. Loosdrecht,et al.  Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by mixed microbial cultures , 2003, Bioprocess and biosystems engineering.

[27]  R. Zeng,et al.  Optimisation of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate analysis using gas chromatography for enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[28]  Martin Koller,et al.  Process optimization for efficient biomediated PHA production from animal-based waste streams , 2012, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.

[29]  João M. L. Dias,et al.  Recent advances in polyhydroxyalkanoate production by mixed aerobic cultures: from the substrate to the final product. , 2006, Macromolecular bioscience.

[30]  M C M Van Loosdrecht,et al.  Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by mixed culture: recent trends and biotechnological importance. , 2004, Biotechnology advances.

[31]  A. Bernhard,et al.  Estuarine Nitrifiers: New Players, Patterns and Processes , 2010 .

[32]  Gerard Muyzer,et al.  Enrichment of a mixed bacterial culture with a high polyhydroxyalkanoate storage capacity. , 2009, Biomacromolecules.

[33]  Jung-Kul Lee,et al.  Bioconversion of crude glycerol to polyhydroxyalkanoate by Bacillus thuringiensis under non-limiting nitrogen conditions. , 2015, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[34]  M. V. van Loosdrecht,et al.  Modeling PHA-producing microbial enrichment cultures--towards a generalized model with predictive power. , 2014, New biotechnology.

[35]  Ryan Tappel,et al.  Mini-Review: Biosynthesis of Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) , 2009 .

[36]  Guo-Qiang Chen,et al.  Unsterile and continuous production of polyhydroxybutyrate by Halomonas TD01. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[37]  M. V. van Loosdrecht,et al.  Substrate versatility of polyhydroxyalkanoate producing glycerol grown bacterial enrichment culture. , 2014, Water research.