Artificial Transmission Lines

In this article, the concept of artificial transmission lines is introduced. These structures are transmission lines loaded with reactive elements. Thanks to the presence of these reactive elements, the lines can be engineered, and microwave devices with compact size, with superior performance, or with novel functionalities (as compared with those based on conventional lines), can be designed and fabricated. The article is mainly focused on slow-wave artificial transmission lines and metamaterial-based transmission lines. The circuit models of the lines, useful for design purposes, and the main physical implementations are reported. Finally, some applications of these artificial lines are highlighted, including device miniaturization, spurious suppression, multiband and broadband components, filters and diplexers, antennas, and sensors. Keywords: artificial transmission lines; microwave and radio-frequency (RF) devices; antennas; multiband and broadband; sensors

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