A High-Efficiency Wideband Frequency-Reconfigurable Water Antenna With a Liquid Control System: Usage for VHF and UHF Applications

distilled water dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a wide frequency-tuning range and high efficiency is presented in this article. It consists of a water resonator and a ground plane with a wideband bowtie feeding slot. The water resonator, having tunable dimensions, is employed to achieve frequency-reconfigurable characteristics. Mechanical switches and a microfluid pump are integrated to control the tuning process. The water DRA, with and without the liquid control system, is designed with a simulation tool and then fabricated and measured to validate the antenna’s performance. It is demonstrated that the antenna exhibits high total efficiency ( %) 80 2 across a wide frequency-tuning range from 168 to 474 MHz (for , S11 ) 10 dB with a very compact volume of 278 278 131 mm # # ( . . . 0 155 0 155 0 073 # # m m m at 168 MHz). Compared with traditional reconfigurable antennas, this design provides a wider frequency-tuning range, a more compact size, and a higher degree of design freedom. It is therefore a promising candidate for very high-frequency (VHF) and ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) applications.