A novel technique for time-resolved detection and tracking of interfacial and matrix fracture in layered materials

A novel experimental technique is developed for time-resolved detection and tracking of damage in the forms of delamination and matrix cracking in layered materials such as composite laminates. The technique is non-contact in nature and uses dual or quadruple laser interferometers for high temporal resolution. Simultaneous measurements of differential displacement and velocity at individual locations are obtained to analyze the initiation and progression of interfacial fracture and/or matrix cracking/delamination in a polymer matrix composite laminate system reinforced by graphite fibers. The measurements at multiple locations allow the speeds at which interfacial crack front (mode-I) or matrix cracking/delamination front (mode-II dominated) propagates to be determined. Experiments carried out use three-point bend configurations. Impact loading is achieved using a modified Kolsky bar apparatus with a complete set of diagnostics for load, deformation, deformation rate, and input energy measurement. This technique is used to characterize the full process of damage initiation and growth. The experiments also focused on the quantification of the speed at which delamination or damage propagates under primarily mode-I and mode-II conditions. The results show that the speed of delamination (mode-I) or the speed of matrix cracking/delamination (primarily mode-II) increases linearly with impact velocity. Furthermore, speeds of matrix failure/delamination under primarily mode-II conditions are much higher than the speeds of mode-I crack induced delamination under mode-I conditions.

[1]  Danilo De Rossi,et al.  Cracks Faster than the Shear Wave Speed , 2022 .

[2]  S. Salpekar.  Analysis of delamination in cross-ply laminates initiating from impact induced matrix cracking , 1993 .

[3]  G.A.O. Davies,et al.  Prediction of threshold impact energy for onset of delamination in quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy composite laminates under low-velocity impact , 2000 .

[4]  Jia-Lin Tsai,et al.  Dynamic delamination fracture toughness in unidirectional polymeric composites , 2001 .

[5]  Serge Abrate,et al.  Delamination threshold loads for low velocity impact on composite laminates , 2000 .

[6]  C. Sun,et al.  Influence of Ply Orientation on Delamination in Composite Laminates , 1996, Aerospace.

[7]  Joseph E. Grady,et al.  Dynamic delamination crack propagation in a graphite/epoxy laminate , 1986 .

[8]  Joakim Schön,et al.  Coefficient of friction of composite delamination surfaces , 2000 .

[9]  Phil E. Irving,et al.  Effect of resin and fibre properties on impact and compression after impact performance of CFRP , 2002 .

[10]  Fu-Kuo Chang,et al.  Matrix Cracking and Delamination in Laminated Composite Beams Subjected to a Transverse Concentrated Line Load , 1993 .

[11]  N. Cristescu,et al.  Failure Mechanisms in Composite Plates Impacted by Blunt-Ended Penetrators , 1975 .

[12]  Ares J. Rosakis,et al.  Intersonic crack growth in bimaterial interfaces : an investigation of crack face contact , 1998 .

[13]  Statistical Considerations in the Analysis of Data From Fatigue Tests on Delaminated Cross-Ply Graphite/Epoxy Composites , 2000 .

[14]  X. Zhang,et al.  IMPACT DAMAGE PREDICTION IN CARBON COMPOSITE STRUCTURES , 1995 .

[15]  C. Sun,et al.  Dynamic Mode-I crack-propagation in a carbon/epoxy composite , 1998 .

[16]  Akira Todoroki,et al.  Delamination identification of cross-ply graphite/epoxy composite beams using electric resistance change method , 2002 .

[17]  S. P. Joshi,et al.  Impact Induced Fracture in a Laminated Composite , 1985 .

[18]  Fu-Kuo Chang,et al.  Damage Tolerance of Laminated Composites Containing an Open Hole and Subjected to Compressive Loadings: Part I—Analysis , 1991 .

[19]  A. Rosakis,et al.  Analysis of intersonic crack growth in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites , 1999 .

[20]  G.A.O. Davies,et al.  Impact damage prediction and failure analysis of heavily loaded, blade-stiffened composite wing panels , 1999 .

[21]  M. Benzeggagh,et al.  Initiation and growth of delamination in glass/epoxy composites subjected to static and dynamic loading by acoustic emission monitoring , 1999 .

[22]  Akira Todoroki,et al.  Delamination monitoring of graphite/epoxy laminated composite plate of electric resistance change method , 2002 .

[23]  William B. Avery,et al.  Effects of Stacking Sequence on Impact Damage Resistance and Residual Strength for Quasi-Isotropic Laminates , 1991 .

[24]  L. E. Malvern,et al.  Delamination-crack propagation in ballistically impacted glass/epoxy composite laminates , 1982 .

[25]  Hyung Yun Choi,et al.  Study on impact damage in laminated composites , 1990 .

[26]  Hyung Yun Choi,et al.  A New Approach toward Understanding Damage Mechanisms and Mechanics of Laminated Composites Due to Low-Velocity Impact: Part I—Experiments , 1991 .

[27]  Hyung Yun Choi,et al.  A New Approach toward Understanding Damage Mechanisms and Mechanics of Laminated Composites Due to Low-Velocity Impact: Part II—Analysis , 1991 .

[28]  G. Giraud,et al.  In-situ monitoring of damage in CFRP laminates by means of AC and DC measurements , 2001 .

[29]  Tonny Nyman,et al.  Numerical and experimental investigation of a composite ENF-specimen , 2000 .

[30]  S. Abrate.  Composite structures: impact on composites 2002 , 2003 .

[31]  B. D. Agarwal,et al.  Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites , 1980 .

[32]  G. Kardomateas,et al.  Interlayer cracking in delaminated glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy laminates under cyclic or monotonic loading , 1998 .

[33]  S. Abrate.  Impact on Laminated Composite Materials , 1991 .

[34]  Ct Sun,et al.  Impact-induced fracture in a quasi-isotropic laminate , 1987 .

[35]  S. W. Park,et al.  Time-Resolved Impact Response and Damage of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates , 2000 .

[36]  Serge Abrate,et al.  Impact on Laminated Composites: Recent Advances , 1994 .

[37]  Wolfgang G. Knauss,et al.  Observation of damage growth in compressively loaded laminates , 1983 .

[38]  A. Chateauminois,et al.  In situ detection of damage in CFRP laminates by electrical resistance measurements , 1999 .

[39]  C. Sun,et al.  Growth of delamination cracks due to bending in a [905/05/905] laminate , 1989 .

[40]  Lh Strait,et al.  Effects of Stacking Sequence on the Impact Resistance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Toughened Epoxy Laminates , 1992 .

[41]  A. Rosakis,et al.  Dynamic crack initiation and growth in thick unidirectional graphite/epoxy plates , 1997 .

[42]  John Morton,et al.  The impact resistance of composite materials — a review , 1991 .

[43]  Stephen R. Hallett,et al.  Three-point beam impact tests on T300/914 carbon-fibre composites , 2000 .