Disposable membrane oxygenator (heart-lung machine) and its use in experimental surgery.

P O L O N G E D O P E R A T I O N S in the open heart at normal body temperature require heart-lung machines as a substitute for cardiopulmonary function. The principle of all these is the same: they withdraw blood from the venae cavae, oxygenate it, and return it into the aorta. Thus the patient's heart is completely bypassed (Fig. 1). It was believed for a long time that the machine would have to pump and oxygenate blood in amounts equal to the normal resting cardiac output —at least 100 ml. per kg. of body weight per minute. Accordingly, several elaborate machines have been devised to pump and oxygenate 5 liters of blood per minute, for example by Dennis, Jongbloed, and Kol f fand Dubbelman. ' The most successful design was that of Miller, Gibbon, and Gibbon. A similar machine is in use at the Mayo Clinicwith outstanding success; its complexity and cost have prevented its wider use.

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