Combined effect of nisin and moderate heat on destruction of Listeria monocytogenes in milk

Effet combine de la nisine et d'un traitement thermique modere sur la destruction de Listeria monocytogenes dans le lait. Les cinetiques de destruction a 60°C de 2 souches de Listeria monocytogenes dans du lait ecreme additionne ou non de 25 ou 50 Ul/ml de nisine ont ete etudiees. Les courbes representant le log 10 de la population bacterienne survivante en fonction du temps de chauffage montrent une phase de latence suivie d'une phase lineaire de destruction. Le temps de latence et la vitesse de destruction dependaient de la temperature de chauffage et de la concentration du lait en nisine. Un modele mathematique etait donc necessaire pour comparer les cinetiques de destruction de L monocytogenes. Deux modeles ont ete compares. Ils permettaient l'un et l'autre un bon ajustement des donnees experimentales. Cependant, les valeurs de D calculees a partir de ces modeles etaient tres divergentes. On a donc prefere calculer le temps de chauffage necessaire pour obtenir une destruction de 3 et 6 log du nombre de Listeria a partir des modeles. L 'addition de 25 ou 50 Ul/ml de nisine dans le lait diminue considerablement la resistance thermique de L monocytogenes et le temps necessaire pour avoir une reduction donnee du nombre de ces bacteries. Par exemple, a 54°C, 16 min sont suffisantes pour reduire d'un facteur 1000 le nombre de Listeria dans le lait contenant 25 Ul/ml de nisine, alors que 77 min sont necessaires en l'absence de nisine. L'effet combine du traitement thermique et de la nisine augmente lorsque les bacteries sont precultivees dans le lait a basses temperatures. Les facteurs qui affectent la thermoresistance des Listeria sont discutes, ainsi que le mode d'action sur les cellules bacteriennes de la nisine et de la chaleur.

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