Role of the Monkey Superior Colliculus in the Spatial Localization of Saccade Targets

It has long been recognized that information about the position of the eyes in the orbit plays an important role in the perception of visual direction. With the eyes, head, and body stationary, there is a one-to-one correspondence between the direction of a visual stimulus and the location of its image on the retina. However, since the eyes do not remain stationary, the perception of visual direction must be based upon a combination of information about the location of the retinal image and the position of the eyes in the orbit (Helmholtz, 1866; Hoist & Mittelstaedt, 1950; Matin, 1972; Shebilske, 1977; Skavenski, 1976).

[1]  J. T. Weber,et al.  The projection of the superior colliculus upon the inferior olivary complex of the cat: an autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase study , 1978, Brain Research.

[2]  J. Senders,et al.  Eye Movements and Psychological Processes , 1976 .

[3]  R H Wurtz,et al.  Role of striate cortex and superior colliculus in visual guidance of saccadic eye movements in monkeys. , 1977, Journal of neurophysiology.

[4]  C. K. Henkel,et al.  Superior colliculus connections with the extraocular motor nuclei in the cat , 1978, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[5]  H. Sakata,et al.  Spatial properties of visual fixation neurons in posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[6]  R. Lund.  Anatomic studies on the superior colliculus. , 1972, Investigative ophthalmology.

[7]  D. Robinson,et al.  Visual System: Superior Colliculus , 1978 .

[8]  J. E. Albano,et al.  Visual-motor function of the primate superior colliculus. , 1980, Annual review of neuroscience.

[9]  Hermann von Helmholtz,et al.  Treatise on Physiological Optics , 1962 .

[10]  Laurence R. Young,et al.  Variable Feedback Experiments Testing a Sampled Data Model for Eye Tracking Movements , 1963 .

[11]  J. Graham.  An autoradiographic study of the efferent connections of the superior colliculus in the cat , 1977, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[12]  B. Gordon,et al.  Receptive fields in deep layers of cat superior colliculus. , 1973, Journal of neurophysiology.

[13]  J. K. Harting,et al.  Ascending pathways from the monkey superior colliculus: An autoradiographic analysis , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[14]  M. Sanders.  Control of Gaze by Brain Stem Neurons , 1978 .

[15]  F. M. D. Monasterio.  Properties of concentrically organized X and Y ganglion cells of macaque retina. , 1978 .

[16]  P. Dodwell.  Perceptual processing : stimulus equivalence and pattern recognition , 1971 .

[17]  Peter H. Schiller,et al.  Paired stimulation of the frontal eye fields and the superior colliculus of the rhesus monkey , 1979, Brain Research.

[18]  R. Wurtz,et al.  Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkey. IV. Effects of lesions on eye movements. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[19]  T. L. Hickey,et al.  The distribution of retino‐collicular axon terminals in rhesus monkey , 1979, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[20]  W. Epstein.  Stability and constancy in visual perception : mechanisms and processes , 1977 .

[21]  J. T. Weber,et al.  An autoradiographic analysis of the tecto-olivary projection in primates , 1976, Brain Research.

[22]  D. Robinson,et al.  Eye movements evoked by cerebellar stimulation in the alert monkey. , 1973, Journal of neurophysiology.

[23]  B. Cohen,et al.  Coding of information about rapid eye movements in the pontine reticular formation of alert monkeys , 1976, Brain Research.

[24]  J. T. Weber,et al.  Parallel Pathways Connecting the Primate Superior Colliculus with the Posterior Vermis , 1978 .

[25]  H. Noda,et al.  Discharges of Purkinje cells and mossy fibres in the cerebellar vermis of the monkey during saccadic eye movements and fixation , 1980, The Journal of physiology.

[26]  M. Sanders.  Handbook of Sensory Physiology , 1975 .

[27]  D. A. Suzuki,et al.  Target velocity signals of visual tracking in vermal Purkinje cells of the monkey. , 1979, Science.

[28]  M. Cynader,et al.  Receptive-field organization of monkey superior colliculus. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[29]  V. Mountcastle,et al.  Parietal lobe mechanisms for directed visual attention. , 1977, Journal of neurophysiology.

[30]  L. Optican,et al.  Cerebellar-dependent adaptive control of primate saccadic system. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[31]  D. Sparks.  Functional properties of neurons in the monkey superior colliculus: Coupling of neuronal activity and saccade onset , 1978, Brain Research.

[32]  P. Bach-y-Rita,et al.  Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and Their Clinical Implications , 1976 .

[33]  L. Matin.  Eye Movements and Perceived Visual Direction , 1972 .

[34]  J. T. Weber,et al.  Brain stem projections to lobule VII of the posterior vermis in the squirrel monkey: as demonstrated by the retrograde axonal transport of tritiated horseradish peroxidase , 1977, Brain Research.

[35]  B. Stein,et al.  Sources of subcortical projections to the superior colliculus in the cat , 1979, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[36]  D. Robinson.  Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey. , 1972, Vision research.

[37]  L. Optican,et al.  Slow saccades in spinocerebellar degeneration. , 1976, Archives of neurology.

[38]  E. Keller.  Participation of medial pontine reticular formation in eye movement generation in monkey. , 1974, Journal of neurophysiology.

[39]  R. Lund.  Synaptic patterns of the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of the rat , 1969, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[40]  J. L. Conway,et al.  Effects of frontal eye field and superior colliculus ablations on eye movements. , 1979, Science.

[41]  M. B. Bender,et al.  The superior colliculi and eye movements. An experimental study in the monkey. , 1966, Archives of neurology.

[42]  E. Holst,et al.  Das Reafferenzprinzip , 2004, Naturwissenschaften.

[43]  Robert H. Wurtz,et al.  Projection of area 8 (frontal eye field) to superior colliculus in the monkey. An autoradiographic study , 1976, Brain Research.

[44]  R. Wurtz,et al.  Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkey. 3. Cells discharging before eye movements. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[45]  Walle J. H. Nauta,et al.  Autoradiographic demonstration of a projection from prefrontal association cortex to the superior colliculus in the rhesus monkey , 1976, Brain Research.

[46]  J. M. Petras,et al.  Connections of the parietal lobe. , 1971, Journal of psychiatric research.

[47]  A. Graybiel.  Evidence for banding of the cat's ipsilateral retinotectal connection , 1976, Brain Research.

[48]  P. Schiller,et al.  Single-unit recording and stimulation in superior colliculus of the alert rhesus monkey. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[49]  R. Lund,et al.  Synaptic patterns in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of the monkey, Macaca mulatta , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[50]  D. Hubel,et al.  Mode of termination of retinotectal fibers in macaque monkey: An autoradiographic study , 1975, Brain Research.

[51]  D. G. Lawrence,et al.  Cortical projections to the red nucleus and the brain stem in the Rhesus monkey. , 1967, Brain research.

[52]  J. K. Harting.  Descending pathways from the superior colliculus: An autoradiographic analysis in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) , 1977, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[53]  D. Sparks,et al.  Dissociation of visual and saccade-related responses in superior colliculus neurons. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[54]  Sprague Jm,et al.  Mammalian tectum: intrinsic organization, afferent inputs, and integrative mechanisms. Anatomical substrate. , 1975 .

[55]  L. Ritchie.  Effects of cerebellar lesions on saccadic eye movements. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[56]  P. E. Hallett,et al.  Saccadic eye movements towards stimuli triggered by prior saccades , 1976, Vision Research.

[57]  B E Stein,et al.  Relationship between visual and tactile representations in cat superior colliculus. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[58]  A. Hendrickson,et al.  The distribution of optic nerve fibers in Macaca mulatta. , 1970, Brain research.

[59]  D. Sparks,et al.  Size and distribution of movement fields in the monkey superior colliculus , 1976, Brain Research.

[60]  L. Poirier,et al.  Experimental and anatomical investigation of the lateral spino‐thalamic and spino‐tectal tracts , 1955, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[61]  D. Hubel,et al.  Topography of visual and somatosensory projections to mouse superior colliculus. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[62]  L E Mays,et al.  Saccades are spatially, not retinocentrically, coded. , 1980, Science.

[63]  D. Hubel,et al.  Responses to visual stimulation and relationship between visual, auditory, and somatosensory inputs in mouse superior colliculus. , 1975, Journal of neurophysiology.

[64]  David L. Sparks,et al.  Movement fields of saccade-related burst neurons in the monkey superior colliculus , 1980, Brain Research.

[65]  A. Fuchs,et al.  A method for measuring horizontal and vertical eye movement chronically in the monkey. , 1966, Journal of applied physiology.

[66]  C. Noback.  Sensory Systems of Primates , 1978, Advances in Primatology.

[67]  M. Cynader,et al.  Response characteristics of single cells in the monkey superior colliculus following ablation or cooling of visual cortex. , 1974, Journal of neurophysiology.

[68]  K. Akert,et al.  Efferent connections of cortical, area 8 (frontal eye field) in Macaca fascicularis. A reinvestigation using the autoradiographic technique , 1977, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[69]  S. W. Ranson,et al.  The ascending auditory pathway in the brain stem of the monkey , 1943 .

[70]  J. Hyvärinen,et al.  Function of the parietal associative area 7 as revealed from cellular discharges in alert monkeys. , 1974, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[71]  L F Dell'Osso,et al.  Audio-ocular response characteristics. , 1978, Sensory processes.

[72]  J. L. Conway,et al.  Deficits in eye movements following frontal eye-field and superior colliculus ablations. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[73]  V. Henn,et al.  Vertical eye movement related unit activity in the rostral mesencephalic reticular formation of the alert monkey , 1977, Brain Research.

[74]  J T McIlwain,et al.  Topographic organization and convergence in corticotectal projections from areas 17, 18, and 19 in the cat. , 1977, Journal of neurophysiology.

[75]  P. Schiller,et al.  Discharge characteristics of single units in superior colliculus of the alert rhesus monkey. , 1971, Journal of neurophysiology.

[76]  W. Nauta,et al.  Subcortical projections from the temporal neocortex in Macaca mulatta , 1956 .