Genetic analysis of plant height and its components for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Ningmai 9 and Yangmai 158

Ningmai 9 and Yangmai 158 are the main wheat cultivars and core parents in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. In the past three years, 80% of the released varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River had the background of Ningmai 9 or Yangmai 158. To make better use of these two parents, the genetic mechanism of their traits need to be further clarified. A high-density genetic map was constructed by Illumina 90k chip using 282 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross between Ningmai 9 and Yangmai 158. In this study, the traits including plant height, internode length, and spike length were determined in three consecutive growing seasons, and 14 stable QTLs were obtained by QTL mapping. By further position alignment, we focused on six chromosome intervals, which preliminarily revealed the genetic regulatory mechanism of the internode on plant height. KASP markers suitable for high-throughput analysis were developed based on the low-homology markers in the six chromosome intervals, and they were further validated in 101 wheat accessions. The polymerization of Qph-2D and Qph-5A.1 had high selection efficiency which might be decreased if further intruding Q2A. It suggests that the selection of Q2A and Q5A should mainly focus on the alleles reducing plant height, and Qd1-5D could be used in marker-assisted selection for internode length below spike (D1). The results in this study may provide assistance for wheat height genetic improvement in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

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