Mobile Devices as Adjunctive Pain Management Tools

Approximately 108 million people in North America and Europe suffer from chronic pain. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising method for pain management in a clinical setting due to the distracting properties of an immersive virtual environment. In this study, we demonstrated the potential use of mobile phones as a means of delivering an easily accessible, immersive experience. Thirty-one patients tested VR pain distraction. Objective measurements of heart rate correlated to decreased anxiety, while, subjectively, patients also reported reduced levels of discomfort. The positive results of this study indicate that mobile phones can provide an immersive experience sufficient to deliver pain management distraction. Because mobile devices are widely available, the potential for developing pain management programs that are accessible has become a realistic possibility.

[1]  G. Finley,et al.  Governmental Barriers to Opioid Availability in Developing Countries , 2001 .

[2]  Alessandra Grassi,et al.  Managing Exam Stress: The Use of Mobile Phones for Enhancing Emotion Regulation: (695432011-118) , 2006 .

[3]  H. Lazarus,et al.  Assessing Undertreatment of Pain: The Patients' Perspectives , 2001 .

[4]  Albert A. Rizzo,et al.  Cybertherapy - New applications for discomfort reductions - Surgical Care Unit of Heart, Neonatology Care Unit, Transplant Kidney Care Unit, Delivery Room-Cesarean Surgery and ambulatory surgery, 27 case reports , 2007, MMVR.

[5]  Giuseppe Riva,et al.  Stress management using UMTS cellular phones: a controlled trial. , 2006, Studies in health technology and informatics.

[6]  Sam Bucolo,et al.  Multi-modal distraction: Using technology to combat pain in young children with burn injuries , 2010 .

[7]  Hunter G Hoffman,et al.  Virtual-reality therapy. , 2004, Scientific American.

[8]  Giuseppe Riva,et al.  Virtual Reality on Mobile Phones to Reduce Anxiety in Outpatient Surgery , 2009, MMVR.

[9]  Blair H. Smith,et al.  The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community , 1999, The Lancet.

[10]  H. Hoffman,et al.  Use of virtual reality for adjunctive treatment of adult burn pain during physical therapy: a controlled study. , 2000, The Clinical journal of pain.

[11]  Mimi M. Y. Tse,et al.  Visual Stimulation as Pain Relief for Hong Kong Chinese Patients with Leg Ulcers , 2003, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[12]  Matthias J. Wieser,et al.  Pain Modulation during Drives through Cold and Hot Virtual Environments , 2007, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[13]  F. Blyth,et al.  Chronic pain in Australia: a prevalence study , 2001, Pain.

[14]  Eric J. Seibel,et al.  Using fMRI to Study the Neural Correlates of Virtual Reality Analgesia , 2006, CNS Spectrums.

[15]  J. Stinson,et al.  Development and Testing of a Multidimensional iPhone Pain Assessment Application for Adolescents with Cancer , 2012, Journal of medical Internet research.

[16]  H. Hoffman,et al.  Effectiveness of Virtual Reality–Based Pain Control With Multiple Treatments , 2001, The Clinical journal of pain.

[17]  B. Wiederhold,et al.  Managing Pain in Military Populations with Virtual Reality , 2012 .

[18]  D. Proffitt,et al.  Eye height scaling of absolute size in immersive and nonimmersive displays. , 2000, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[19]  N. L. Corah Dental anxiety. Assessment, reduction and increasing patient satisfaction. , 1988, Dental clinics of North America.

[20]  Tor-Morten Grønli,et al.  Evaluating the usability of a Virtual Reality-based Android application in managing the pain experience of wheelchair users , 2012, 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[21]  S. Hattori [The prevalence of chronic pain in Japan]. , 2006, Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica.

[22]  Brenda K. Wiederhold,et al.  Virtual Reality and Interactive Simulation for Pain Distraction , 2007 .

[23]  Brenda K. Wiederhold,et al.  Using Cybertherapy to Reduce Postoperative Anxiety in Cardiac Recovery Intensive Care Units , 2013 .

[24]  B. Gerdle,et al.  Prevalence of current and chronic pain and their influences upon work and healthcare-seeking: a population study. , 2004, The Journal of rheumatology.

[25]  G. McCarthy,et al.  Brain Systems Mediating Cognitive Interference by Emotional Distraction , 2006, The Journal of Neuroscience.