As the key components of the train control system, Balise and Balise Transmission Module (BTM) cooperate with each other and fulfill the ground-train information transmission to ensure the safety and reliability of train operation. However, Balise is a transmission point device which is based on electronic coupling, the up-link signal easily affected by surrounding electromagnetic field. Aiming at the requirements for developments of high-speed railway, this paper builds the model for the dynamic transmission process of the Balise up-link signal using finite integral method (FIT) and electromagnetic field theory, respectively. It is proved that the model has sufficient accuracy for presenting the desired characteristics. Then, the effects of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on the Balise up-link is studied using electromagnetic field theory, and the time domain waveform of the Balise system induced current is derived. The simulation analysis shows that the electromagnetic pulse belongs to transient electromagnetic interference. Its duration is usually shorter than the communication time of the Balise up-link, but its spectrum distribution is wider and its pulse energy is larger. When the spectral range of the electromagnetic pulse overlaps the operating band of the Balise up-link, in-band interference will occur, and it can cause bit errors in the Balise up-link signal, which will influence the safety of high-speed railway operation.
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