Graphene/silver nanowire sandwich structures for transparent conductive films

Abstract We report a simple graphene/silver nanowire (AgNW)/graphene sandwich structure that can be used to prepare highly transparent conductive films; the electrical conductivity of this structure is superior to those of pure AgNW or graphene/AgNW films. Upon increasing the graphene content, the ratio of the direct current (DC) conductivity to the optical conductivity of the three-layer graphene/AgNW/graphene film increased from 4.7 to 44, primarily as a result of connecting and clipping effects. At low contents of AgNW, the graphene played a role of connecting the AgNWs, thereby increasing the DC conductivity by nearly seven orders of magnitude relative to that of pure AgNW films; when the AgNW content was high, the DC conductivity was also enhanced, by 23.8-fold. Observing the second-order zone-boundary phonons, the enhancement in conductivity resulted mainly from tighter contact between the AgNWs, arising from restacking of the top and bottom graphene sheets.

[1]  G. Shan,et al.  Flexible transparent PES/silver nanowires/PET sandwich-structured film for high-efficiency electromagnetic interference shielding. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[2]  Bo-Tau Liu,et al.  A comparative study on preparation of conductive and transparent carbon nanotube thin films , 2012 .

[3]  Hongwei Zhu,et al.  Graphene Nano-“patches” on a Carbon Nanotube Network for Highly Transparent/Conductive Thin Film Applications , 2010 .

[4]  S. Hong,et al.  Coating of carbon nanotubes on flexible substrate and its adhesion study , 2009 .

[5]  Renato Zenobi,et al.  Nanoscale chemical imaging of single-layer graphene. , 2011, ACS nano.

[6]  Xin Wang,et al.  Graphene−Metal Particle Nanocomposites , 2008 .

[7]  C. Hierold,et al.  Raman imaging of doping domains in graphene on SiO2 , 2007, 0709.4156.

[8]  John R. Reynolds,et al.  Transparent, Conductive Carbon Nanotube Films , 2004, Science.

[9]  J. Coleman,et al.  Are there fundamental limitations on the sheet resistance and transmittance of thin graphene films? , 2010, ACS nano.

[10]  Junhua Kong,et al.  Highly conductive graphene by low-temperature thermal reduction and in situ preparation of conductive polymer nanocomposites. , 2012, Nanoscale.

[11]  S. Iijima,et al.  Low-temperature synthesis of large-area graphene-based transparent conductive films using surface wave plasma chemical vapor deposition , 2011 .

[12]  Yi Cui,et al.  Scalable coating and properties of transparent, flexible, silver nanowire electrodes. , 2010, ACS nano.

[13]  D. Fairbrother,et al.  Effect of wet chemical treatments on the distribution of surface oxides on carbonaceous materials , 2007 .

[14]  Weizheng Wang,et al.  The study of interaction between graphene and metals by Raman spectroscopy , 2011 .

[15]  F. Wei,et al.  Facile synthesis of graphene nanosheets via Fe reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide. , 2011, ACS nano.

[16]  Young Hee Lee,et al.  Effect of acid treatment on carbon nanotube-based flexible transparent conducting films. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[17]  F. Tuinstra,et al.  Raman Spectrum of Graphite , 1970 .

[18]  Hui-Ming Cheng,et al.  Direct reduction of graphene oxide films into highly conductive and flexible graphene films by hydrohalic acids , 2010 .

[19]  Chongwu Zhou,et al.  Uniform, highly conductive, and patterned transparent films of a percolating silver nanowire network on rigid and flexible substrates using a dry transfer technique , 2010 .

[20]  Martin Dressel,et al.  Electrodynamics of Solids: Optical Properties of Electrons in Matter , 2002 .

[21]  B. Wiley,et al.  Solution-processed flexible polymer solar cells with silver nanowire electrodes. , 2011, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[22]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[23]  S. Hur,et al.  Novel conductive epoxy composites composed of 2-D chemically reduced graphene and 1-D silver nanowire hybrid fillers , 2012 .

[24]  Lei Huang,et al.  Transparent, flexible conducting graphene hybrid films with a subpercolating network of silver nanowires , 2013 .

[25]  S. Roth,et al.  Effects of charge impurities and laser energy on Raman spectra of graphene. , 2008, Nano letters.

[26]  Hyoung-Joon Jin,et al.  Transparent conducting films based on graphene oxide/silver nanowire hybrids with high flexibility , 2012 .

[27]  Hee‐Tae Jung,et al.  A Simple Approach for Preparing Transparent Conductive Graphene Films Using the Controlled Chemical Reduction of Exfoliated Graphene Oxide in an Aqueous Suspension , 2010 .

[28]  W. Lu,et al.  Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. , 2010, ACS nano.

[29]  Hao‐Bin Zhang,et al.  Growth of silver nanocrystals on graphene by simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide and silver ions with a rapid and efficient one-step approach. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[30]  Seung Jae Yang,et al.  The effect of heating rate on porosity production during the low temperature reduction of graphite oxide , 2013 .

[31]  Chongwu Zhou,et al.  Continuous, highly flexible, and transparent graphene films by chemical vapor deposition for organic photovoltaics. , 2010, ACS nano.

[32]  H. R. Krishnamurthy,et al.  Monitoring dopants by Raman scattering in an electrochemically top-gated graphene transistor. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[33]  J. Coleman,et al.  The dependence of the optoelectrical properties of silver nanowire networks on nanowire length and diameter , 2012, Nanotechnology.

[34]  Hui‐Ming Cheng,et al.  Efficient preparation of large-area graphene oxide sheets for transparent conductive films. , 2010, ACS nano.

[35]  J. Robertson,et al.  Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon , 2000 .

[36]  Xun Yu,et al.  High-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells based on robust and both-end-open TiO2 nanotube membranes , 2011, Nanoscale research letters.

[37]  Gang Li,et al.  Fused silver nanowires with metal oxide nanoparticles and organic polymers for highly transparent conductors. , 2011, ACS nano.

[38]  Roberto Car,et al.  Functionalized single graphene sheets derived from splitting graphite oxide. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[39]  R. Piner,et al.  Transfer of large-area graphene films for high-performance transparent conductive electrodes. , 2009, Nano letters.

[40]  John J Boland,et al.  Electrical connectivity in single-walled carbon nanotube networks. , 2009, Nano letters.

[41]  H. Naramoto,et al.  Interface Properties of Metal/Graphene Heterostructures Studied by Micro-Raman Spectroscopy , 2010 .

[42]  Bo-Tau Liu,et al.  Anti-scratch and transparency properties of transparent conductive carbon nanotube films improved by incorporating polyethoxysiloxane. , 2011, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[43]  R. Li,et al.  Rapid controllable high-concentration synthesis and mutual attachment of silver nanowires , 2012 .

[44]  H. Tien,et al.  The production of graphene nanosheets decorated with silver nanoparticles for use in transparent, conductive films , 2011 .