HIV Behavioral Surveillance in the U.S.: A Conceptual Framework

This article describes a conceptual framework for HIV behavioral surveillance in the United States. The framework includes types of behaviors to monitor, such as risk behaviors, HIV testing behaviors, adherence to HIV treatment, and care-seeking for HIV/AIDS. The framework also describes the population groups in which specific behaviors should be monitored. Because the framework is multifaceted in terms of behaviors and populations, behavioral data from multiple surveillance systems are integrated to achieve HIV behavioral surveillance program objectives. Defining surveillance activities more broadly to include behavioral surveillance in multiple populations will provide more comprehensive data for prevention planning, and lead to a more effective response to HIV/AIDS in the United States.

[1]  C. Reed,et al.  Spectrum of disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States. , 1992, JAMA.

[2]  A. Lansky,et al.  Developing an HIV Behavioral Surveillance System for Injecting Drug Users: The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System , 2007, Public health reports.

[3]  H. Dean,et al.  The integrated epidemiologic profile: using multiple data sources in developing profiles to inform HIV prevention and care planning. , 2005, AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education.

[4]  Thomas Rehle,et al.  Second-generation HIV surveillance: better data for decision-making. , 2004, Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

[5]  Douglas D. Heckathorn,et al.  Respondent-driven sampling : A new approach to the study of hidden populations , 1997 .

[6]  R. Janssen,et al.  Tracking the HIV epidemic: current issues, future challenges. , 2000, American journal of public health.

[7]  William D Mosher,et al.  Sexual behavior and selected health measures: men and women 15-44 years of age, United States, 2002. , 2005, Advance data.

[8]  O. Laeyendecker,et al.  Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infection, in Rakai, Uganda. , 2005, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[9]  S. Higginbotham,et al.  Adoption of protective behaviors among persons with recent HIV infection and diagnosis--Alabama, New Jersey, and Tennessee, 1997-1998. , 2000, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[10]  A. Lansky,et al.  HIV-related behaviors and perceptions among adults in 25 states: 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. , 2001, American journal of public health.

[11]  David R. Holtgrave,et al.  The Serostatus Approach to Fighting the HIV Epidemic: prevention strategies for infected individuals. , 2001, American journal of public health.

[12]  John E. Anderson Condom use and HIV risk among US adults. , 2003, American journal of public health.

[13]  M. Lindegren,et al.  Trends in HIV testing among pregnant women: United States, 1994-1999. , 2001, American journal of public health.

[14]  R. Janssen,et al.  HIV Prevalence and Associated Risks in Young Men Who Have Sex With Men , 2000 .

[15]  M. Feinleib National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) , 2005 .

[16]  A. Lansky,et al.  Surveillance of HIV Risk and Prevention Behaviors of Men Who Have Sex with Men—A National Application of Venue-Based, Time-Space Sampling , 2007, Public health reports.

[17]  A Morabia,et al.  From disease surveillance to the surveillance of risk factors. , 1996, American journal of public health.

[18]  A. Lansky,et al.  Human immunodeficiency virus infection in rural areas and small cities of the southeast: contributions of migration and behavior. , 2000, The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association.

[19]  Frederick M. Hecht,et al.  HIV Testing Within At‐Risk Populations in the United States and the Reasons for Seeking or Avoiding HIV Testing , 2002, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[20]  Guidelines for second generation HIV Surveillance , 2000 .

[21]  Patrick S Sullivan,et al.  Behavioral Surveillance among People at Risk for HIV Infection in the U.S.: The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System , 2007, Public health reports.

[22]  R. Janssen,et al.  The Young Men's Survey: methods for estimating HIV seroprevalence and risk factors among young men who have sex with men. , 1996, Public health reports.

[23]  J. Heitgerd,et al.  CDC HIV prevention indicators: monitoring and evaluating HIV prevention in the USA , 2000, AIDS.

[24]  P. Sullivan,et al.  A Two-Stage Sampling Method for Clinical Surveillance of Individuals in Care for HIV Infection in the United States , 2005, Public health reports.

[25]  A. Chandra,et al.  HIV testing in the United States, 2002. , 2005, Advance data.

[26]  Advancing HIV prevention: new strategies for a changing epidemic--United States, 2003. , 2003, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[27]  P. Kerndt,et al.  Use of protease inhibitors among persons with AIDS in Los Angeles County. , 1999, AIDS care.

[28]  J. Ward,et al.  HIV testing patterns: where, why, and when were persons with AIDS tested for HIV? , 1995, AIDS.

[29]  Lillian S. Lin,et al.  A Venue-Based Method for Sampling Hard-to-Reach Populations , 2001, Public health reports.

[30]  S. Ebrahim,et al.  Race/ethnic disparities in HIV testing and knowledge about treatment for HIV/AIDS: United States, 2001. , 2004, AIDS patient care and STDs.

[31]  L. O'donnell,et al.  Time-space sampling in minority communities: results with young Latino men who have sex with men. , 2001, American journal of public health.

[32]  T. Brown,et al.  Meeting the behavioural data collection needs of national HIV / AIDS and STD programmes. A joint IMPACT / FHI / UNAIDS workshop: report and conclusions. , 1998 .

[33]  S. Chu,et al.  The supplement to HIV-AIDS Surveillance project: an approach for monitoring HIV risk behaviors. , 1996, Public health reports.

[34]  T. Brown,et al.  Surveillance and modelling of HIV, STI, and risk behaviours in concentrated HIV epidemics , 2004, Sexually Transmitted Infections.

[35]  P. Simon,et al.  Recent increase in high-risk sexual behaviors among sexually active men who have sex with men living with AIDS in Los Angeles County. , 2004, Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes.

[36]  A. Lansky,et al.  HIV Behavioral Surveillance among the U.S. General Population , 2007, Public health reports.

[37]  Douglas D. Heckathorn,et al.  Respondent-driven sampling II: deriving valid population estimates from chain-referral samples of hi , 2002 .

[38]  J. Gerberding,et al.  Advancing HIV prevention: new strategies for a changing epidemic--United States, 2003. , 2003, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[39]  Late versus early testing of HIV--16 Sites, United States, 2000-2003. , 2003, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.