A Hybrid-Equivalent Surface-Edge Current Model for Simulation of V2X Communication Antennas With Arbitrarily Shaped Contour

Equivalent models of antennas are useful for the fast simulation of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The existing antenna-equivalent models are inflexible because they assume rectangular antenna contour. This article presents a hybrid-equivalent surface-edge current model to overcome the limitation of the existing equivalent models. Based on Huygens’ principle, a V2X communication antenna is equivalent to a conducting plate excited by equivalent surface magnetic current (ESMC). The sources of fields reflected by the conducting plate and diffracted by its edges are modeled as the image of ESMC and equivalent edge current (EEC), respectively. A hybrid-equivalent surface-edge current model is thus established, and it consists of ESMC, the image of ESMC, and EEC. The unknown sources in the proposed model are solved from near fields of the antennas, and the proposed model is then used to simulate the radiation performance of antennas installed on vehicles. The transmission coefficient between V2X communication antennas can also be calculated by using the proposed model and the electromagnetic reaction theorem. Simulations and experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed equivalent model not only accurately models antennas with arbitrarily shaped contour but also significantly accelerates the integrated simulation of antennas and vehicles.