Modeling water transportation and storage in sapwood — model development and validation

I have described a single tree water flux model that combines the stomatal conductance model based on plant physiological knowledge with the concept of fluid mechanics used to describe water transportation and storage in sapwood. The model was parameterized and validated using field data of the water budget of Cryptomeria japonica [J. Jpn. For. Soc. 78 (1996) 66] determined by weighing a suspended cut tree. In their experiment, water transportation and storage in the sapwood and leaves and the sapwood potential were examined under ordinary conditions and extreme conditions where water uptake was stopped by sealing the cut stem surface. Numerical experiments show the information to reproduce the observed results: low intensity of stomatal response to decreasing leaf water potential and lower hydraulic conductance of the crown sapwood than the conductance of the trunk sapwood. The model reproduced the observed results under both ordinary and extreme conditions using only information of observed physical size and hydraulic properties, except for the information on low values of hydraulic conductance of the crown sapwood.

[1]  S. Running,et al.  Extrapolating plant water flow resistances and capacitances to regional scales , 1991 .

[2]  E. Cienciala,et al.  Simulated and measured water uptake by Picea abies under non-limiting soil water conditions , 1994 .

[3]  Hou-quan Lu,et al.  Modeling Stomatal Conductance in Maize Leaves with Environmental Variables , 1996 .

[4]  M. Zimmermann.  Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap , 1983, Springer Series in Wood Science.

[5]  P. Jarvis.  The Interpretation of the Variations in Leaf Water Potential and Stomatal Conductance Found in Canopies in the Field , 1976 .

[6]  I. R. Johnson,et al.  A model of water flow through plants incorporating shoot/root ‘message’ control of stomatal conductance , 1991 .

[7]  H. G. Jones,et al.  DIURNAL CHANGES IN WATER-CONTENT OF THE STEMS OF APPLE-TREES, AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION , 1986 .

[8]  Richard H. Waring,et al.  Sapwood water storage: its contribution to transpiration and effect upon water conductance through the stems of old‐growth Douglas‐fir , 1978 .

[9]  E. Schulze,et al.  Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, conductance and transpiration : scaling from leaves to canopies , 1995 .

[10]  Y. Kosugi,et al.  Modeling Stomatal Conductance on Leaves of Several Temperate Evergreen Broad-leaved Trees , 1994 .

[11]  J. Sperry,et al.  Water Relations of Plants and Soils , 1995 .

[12]  J. Landsberg,et al.  Studies on the Movement of Water Through Apple Trees , 1976 .

[13]  J. Cermak,et al.  Water content in stem wood of large pine and spruce trees in natural forests in central Sweden , 1999 .

[14]  Richard H. Waring,et al.  The contribution of stored water to transpiration in Scots pine , 1979 .

[15]  S. Patankar.  Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow , 2018, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering.

[16]  P. Mascart,et al.  Canopy resistance formulation and its effect in mesoscale models: A HAPEX perspective , 1991 .

[17]  J. Lassoie,et al.  Techniques and approaches in forest tree ecophysiology , 1991 .

[18]  M. Celia,et al.  A General Mass-Conservative Numerical Solution for the Unsaturated Flow Equation , 1990 .

[19]  J. Kondo,et al.  Studies on the Bulk Transfer Coefficients over a Vegetated Surface with a Multilayer Energy Budget Model , 1992 .

[20]  E. Bender.  Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow. Von S. V. Patankar. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington – New York – London. McGraw Hill Book Company, New York 1980. 1. Aufl., 197 S., 76 Abb., geb., DM 71,90 , 1981 .

[21]  Toby N. Carlson,et al.  The effects of plant water storage on transpiration and radiometric surface temperature , 1991 .