Interlocking Directorates and Political Cohesion among Corporate Elites1

This study uses data on campaign contributions and methods of network analysis to investigate the significance of interlocking directorates for political cohesion among corporate elites. Using quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) regression, the author shows that social ties formed through common membership on corporate boards contribute more to similarity of political behavior than commonalities of economic interests, such as those associated with operating in the same industry or the same geographic region. Moreover, the politically cohesive effects of directorship ties remain robust even as one moves several links down the chain of indirect ties that connect top corporate officers to one another. The study thus provides empirical support for the thesis that social networks among corporate elites facilitate political cohesion within the business community.

[1]  M. Mizruchi,et al.  Economic Sources of Corporate Political Consenses: An Examination of Interindustry Relations , 1986 .

[2]  R. Hartman A Monte Carlo Analysis of Alternative Estimators in Models Involving Selectivity , 1991 .

[3]  David Krackhardt,et al.  PREDICTING WITH NETWORKS: NONPARAMETRIC MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF DYADIC DATA * , 1988 .

[4]  David Knoke,et al.  The Structure of Corporate Political Action: Interfirm Relations and Their Consequences.By Mark S. Mizruchi. Harvard University Press, 1992. 310 pp. $37.50 , 1994 .

[5]  Finance capital and the internal structure of the capitalist class in the United States , 1988 .

[6]  J. McCall Right turn. , 2000, Optometry.

[7]  D. Relles,et al.  Theory Testing in a World of Constrained Research Design , 1990 .

[8]  Thomas H. Koenig,et al.  Models of the Significance of Interlocking Corporate Directorates , 1979 .

[9]  G. Davis Agents without Principles? The Spread of the Poison Pill through the Intercorporate Network , 1991 .

[10]  Mark S. Mizruchi,et al.  Intercorporate Relations: The Structural Analysis of Business , 1992 .

[11]  Gregory J. Jonas Moody's Investors Service , 2006 .

[12]  G. Domhoff The Bohemian Grove and other retreats;: A study in ruling-class cohesiveness, , 1974 .

[13]  A. Rose,et al.  The Power Structure. , 1968 .

[14]  M. Mizruchi What Do Interlocks Do? An Analysis, Critique, and Assessment of Research on Interlocking Directorates , 1996 .

[15]  S L Shamansky,et al.  Who governs? , 2019, Public health nursing.

[16]  M. Allen,et al.  Class Hegemony and Political Finance: Presidential Campaign Contributions of Wealthy Capitalist Families , 1989 .

[17]  Brad M. Barber,et al.  Challengers, Elites, and Owning Families: A Social Class Theory of Corporate Acquisitions in the 1960s , 2001 .

[18]  M. Soref Social Class and a Division of Labor within the Corporate Elite: a Note on Class, Interlocking, and Executive Committee Membership of Directors of U. S. Industrial Firms , 1976 .

[19]  Richard Breen,et al.  Regression Models: Censored, Sample Selected, or Truncated Data , 1996 .

[20]  John A. Sonquist,et al.  Interlocking Directorates in the Top U.S. Corporations , 1975 .

[21]  Christopher Winship,et al.  Models for Sample Selection Bias , 1992 .

[22]  L. Overacker Campaign Funds in the Presidential Election of 1936 , 1937, American Political Science Review.

[23]  W. Neuman,et al.  Class Segments: Agrarian Property and Political Leadership in the Capitalist Class of Chile , 1976 .

[24]  T. Dye,et al.  Who's Running America? , 1976 .

[25]  Maurice Zeitlin,et al.  Corporate Ownership and Control: The Large Corporation and the Capitalist Class , 1974, American Journal of Sociology.

[26]  Dan Clawson,et al.  Dollars and Votes: How Business Campaign Contributions Subvert Democracy , 1998 .

[27]  Jie Wu,et al.  Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks between Order and Randomness , 2003 .

[28]  Xueguang Zhou,et al.  Late Adoption of the Multidivisional Form by Large U.S. Corporations: Institutional, Political, and Economic Accounts , 1993 .

[29]  D. Relles,et al.  Tools for intuition about sample selection bias and its correction , 1997 .

[30]  D. Knoke,et al.  Political Networks: The Structural Perspective , 1992 .

[31]  Mark S. Granovetter Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness , 1985, American Journal of Sociology.

[32]  Mark A Smith,et al.  American Business and Political Power , 2000 .

[33]  Donald Palmer Broken Ties: Interlocking Directorates and Intercorporate Coordination , 1983 .

[34]  C. P. Taft Business in politics , 1959 .

[35]  The Corporation in American Politics. , 1970 .

[36]  S. Rittenberg,et al.  The Inner Circle , 2001 .

[37]  Phillip Bonacich,et al.  Latent classes and group membership , 1981 .

[38]  Pamela R. Haunschild Interorganizational imitation: The impact of interlocks on corporate acquisition activity , 1993 .

[39]  R. Breiger The Duality of Persons and Groups , 1974 .

[40]  Michael Schwartz,et al.  The Power Structure of American Business. , 1986 .

[41]  Louise Overacker Campaign Funds in a Depression Year. , 1933 .

[42]  B. Mintz Elites and politics: The corporate elite and the capitalist class in the United States , 2002 .

[43]  Subhash C. Ray,et al.  Selection biases in sociological data , 1982 .

[44]  B. Mintz,et al.  Intercorporate Relations: The structure of class cohesion: the corporate network and its dual , 1988 .

[45]  Michael Patrick Allen,et al.  The Structure of Interorganizational Elite Cooptation: Interlocking Corporate Directorates , 1974 .

[46]  L. Overacker Campaign Finance in the Presidential Election of 1940 , 1941, American Political Science Review.

[47]  G. Davis,et al.  Corporate Elite Networks and Governance Changes in the 1980s , 1997, American Journal of Sociology.

[48]  Michael Ornstein,et al.  INTERLOCKING DIRECTORATES IN CANADA: EVIDENCE FROM REPLACEMENT PATTERNS * , 1982 .

[49]  A. Berle The American economic republic , 1964 .

[50]  The Corporation In American Politics , 1972 .

[51]  M. Zeitlin On Class Theory of the Large Corporation: Response to Allen , 1976, American Journal of Sociology.

[52]  Donald Palmer,et al.  Lost in Space: The Geography of Corporate Interlocking Directorates1 , 1998, American Journal of Sociology.

[53]  Ivone Kirkpatrick,et al.  The inner circle : memoirs , 1959 .

[54]  G. Domhoff,et al.  Fat Cats And Democrats , 1972 .

[55]  J. Heckman Sample selection bias as a specification error , 1979 .

[56]  Mark S. Mizruchi,et al.  Broken-Tie Reconstitution and the Functions of Interorganizational Interlocks: A Reexamination , 1986 .

[57]  F. Nelson,et al.  Efficiency of the two-step estimator for models with endogenous sample selection☆ , 1984 .

[58]  R. Friedland,et al.  Intercorporate Relations: Corporation, class, and city system , 1988 .

[59]  The Costs of Democracy , 1960 .

[60]  L. Overacker Presidential Campaign Funds , 1976 .

[61]  Jitendra V. Singh,et al.  The Ties That Bind: Organizational and Class Bases of Stability in a Corporate Interlock Network , 1986 .

[62]  T. Dye Top Down Policymaking , 2000 .

[63]  G. William Domhoff,et al.  Who Rules America? , 2021 .

[64]  David Krackardt,et al.  QAP partialling as a test of spuriousness , 1987 .

[65]  V. Burris The Two Faces of Capital: Corporations and Individual Capitalists as Political Actors , 2001, American Sociological Review.

[66]  M. Mizruchi,et al.  The American Corporate Network 1904-1974 , 1982 .

[67]  James R. Bennett,et al.  Policy-Planning Organizations: Elite Agendas and America's Rightward Turn@@@The Politics of Miseducation: The Booker Washington Institute of Liberia, 1919-1984 , 1987 .

[68]  R. Berk An introduction to sample selection bias in sociological data. , 1983 .