Fuzzy Control of Distributed PV Inverters/Energy Storage Systems/Electric Vehicles for Frequency Regulation in a Large Power System

This paper presents a fuzzy based frequency control strategy by the Megawatt (MW) class distributed PV systems and electric vehicles (EVs). The frequency control is proposed from the view point of the frequency fluctuation problem produced by the large penetration of PV power and sudden load variation. The fuzzy based frequency control has three inputs: average insolation, change of insolation and frequency deviation. Following these three inputs, a frequency control system for the distributed PV inverters is proposed. For the case of different insolations in the different areas of the power system, a coordinated control method of the distributed PV inverters, energy storage systems (ESSs) and EVs is presented. The proposed method is simulated by considering dual power and information flows between supply and demand sides in a large power system and is found satisfactory to provide frequency control and to reduce tie-line power fluctuations.

[1]  V. Gómez,et al.  Fuzzy modeling of solar irradiance on inclined surfaces , 2003 .

[2]  Arindam Ghosh,et al.  Renewable energy sources and frequency regulation : survey and new perspectives , 2010 .

[3]  Tomonobu Senjyu,et al.  Fuzzy control of MW-class PV generation to reduce frequency and tie-line power fluctuations in three control area power system , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011).

[4]  Willett Kempton,et al.  Using fleets of electric-drive vehicles for grid support , 2007 .

[5]  Zekai Şen,et al.  Fuzzy algorithm for estimation of solar irradiation from sunshine duration , 1998 .

[6]  N. Jenkins,et al.  A model of PV generation suitable for stability analysis , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[7]  Hassan Bevrani,et al.  An ANN-Based Power System Emergency Control Scheme in the Presence of High Wind Power Penetration , 2010 .

[8]  K. Benlarbi.  A fuzzy global efficiency optimization of a photovoltaic water pumping system , 2004 .

[9]  R. Belmans,et al.  Voltage fluctuations on distribution level introduced by photovoltaic systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[10]  R. Hara,et al.  Testing the technologies , 2009, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[11]  H. Asano,et al.  Influence of photovoltaic power generation on required capacity for load frequency control , 1996 .

[12]  Michael E. Ropp.  Similarities between vehicle-to-grid interfaces and photovoltaic systems , 2009, 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[13]  Soo-Bin Han,et al.  Frequency control in micro-grid power system combined with electrolyzer system and fuzzy PI controller , 2008 .

[14]  Takeyoshi Kato,et al.  Evaluation of LFC capacity for output fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation systems based on multi-point observation of insolation , 2001, 2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262).

[15]  Yoshibumi Mizutani,et al.  Load Frequency Control Using Power Demand Estimation and Fuzzy Control , 1990 .

[16]  Takashi Hiyama,et al.  Intelligent Automatic Generation Control , 2011 .

[17]  Ahmed Yousuf Saber,et al.  Plug-in Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources for Cost and Emission Reductions , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[18]  Chul-Hwan Kim,et al.  A Frequency-Control Approach by Photovoltaic Generator in a PV–Diesel Hybrid Power System , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[19]  Tore M. Undeland,et al.  Optimal load sharing strategy in a hybrid power system based on PV/Fuel Cell/ Battery/Supercapacitor , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power.

[20]  D. Kottick,et al.  Battery energy storage for frequency regulation in an island power system , 1993 .

[21]  Ahmed Yousuf Saber,et al.  Efficient Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources by Gridable Vehicles in Cyber-Physical Energy Systems , 2010, IEEE Systems Journal.

[22]  Jongrong Lin,et al.  Implementation of a DSP-controlled photovoltaic system with peak power tracking , 1998, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[23]  Stephan Koch,et al.  Provision of Load Frequency Control by PHEVs, Controllable Loads, and a Cogeneration Unit , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[24]  Goran Andersson,et al.  General frequency control with aggregated control reserve capacity from time-varying sources: The case of PHEVs , 2010, 2010 IREP Symposium Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VIII (IREP).

[25]  Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy,et al.  Energy dispatch fuzzy controller for a grid-independent photovoltaic system , 2010 .

[26]  Akihiko Yokoyama,et al.  Load Frequency Control in power system using Vehicle-to-Grid system considering the customer convenience of Electric Vehicles , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology.