Non-structural carbohydrates in the nutrition of high-yielding dairy cows during a transition period

The main aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the effect of different composi - tion of non-structural carbohydrates (NFC) in prepartum feed rations administered to high-yielding dairy cows at a high concentration of NFC in the diet on dry matter intake both before and after parturition and on subsequent milk performance, body condition and physiological traits of rumen fluid and blood. Thirty- six high-yielding dairy cows were allocated into one of the three well-balanced groups (K, O, and C), and each group received a different feeding rations. Feeding rations differed in non-structural carbohydrate (NFC) structure. The "K" (control) group received a feeding ration with NFC in the form of maize starch in particular, while the feeding rations of the other two (experimental) groups contained either (besides maize starch) saccharose from dried sugar beet (the "O" group ) or a dominant amount of NFC was in the form of saccharose (the "C" group). After calving, all dairy cows were given the same feeding ration from the first day after parturition. The experiment was conducted for 21 days before and 50 days after calving. FR in the form of total mixed ration was offered ad libitum. Dry matter intake, milk performance, body condition, live weight, and blood and rumen parameters were recorded for the duration of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake before calving was highest in the "K" group (14.32 kg per head). Differences among groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Prepartum dry matter consumption dropped as the rate of saccharose in the diet of cows increased. Dry matter consumption levelled off after calving. Milk yield was also highest in the "K" group (43.71 kg/head/day), but fatness of milk and thus the production of fat cor - rected milk were lowest in this group. The highest milk fat content (4.10%) and fat corrected milk production (44.03 kg/head/day) were recorded in the "C" group, whereas the highest milk protein concentration was found in the milk of the "O" group. The composition of NFC affected dry matter intake before parturition, but these concentrations did not significantly affect dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, live weight, body condition or blood serum and rumen fluid parameters after calving.

[1]  R. Rajmon,et al.  Relationships among body condition score, milk yield and reproduction in Czech Fleckvieh cows , 2018 .

[2]  X. Jiang,et al.  Effect of dietary sources of roasted oilseeds on blood parameters and milk fatty acid composition , 2018 .

[3]  Liu Jx,et al.  Responses of milk urea nitrogen content to dietary crude protein level and degradability in lactating Holstein dairy cows , 2018 .

[4]  G. Varga,et al.  Effects of prepartum dietary carbohydrate source and monensin on periparturient metabolism and lactation in multiparous cows. , 2008, Journal of dairy science.

[5]  M. Palin,et al.  Hepatic lipid metabolism in transition dairy cows fed flaxseed. , 2007, Journal of dairy science.

[6]  B. Pérez,et al.  PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS FED SOYBEAN SILAGE , 2007 .

[7]  S. Bertics,et al.  Effects of pre- and postfresh transition diets varying in dietary energy density on metabolic status of periparturient dairy cows. , 2005, Journal of dairy science.

[8]  Y. Chilliard,et al.  Effects of two different feeding strategies during dry-off on metabolism in high-yielding dairy cows. , 2005, Journal of dairy science.

[9]  K. Kalscheur,et al.  Effects of feeding propionate and calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids on transition dairy cow performance. , 2005, Journal of dairy science.

[10]  J. Drackley,et al.  Performance of dairy cows as affected by prepartum dietary carbohydrate source and supplementation with chromium throughout the transition period. , 2005, Journal of dairy science.

[11]  J. Drackley,et al.  Peripartal metabolism and production of holstein cows fed diets supplemented with fat during the dry period. , 2004, Journal of dairy science.

[12]  T. Overton,et al.  Nutritional Management of Transition Dairy Cows: Strategies to Optimize Metabolic Health , 2004 .

[13]  M. Murphy,et al.  Effect of liquid flavor supplementation of the diet on dairy cows in the transition period. , 2004, Journal of dairy science.

[14]  D. Beever,et al.  Visceral tissue mass and rumen volume in dairy cows during the transition from late gestation to early lactation. , 2004, Journal of dairy science.

[15]  C. J. Wilcox,et al.  Low doses of bovine somatotropin during the transition period and early lactation improves milk yield, efficiency of production, and other physiological responses of Holstein cows. , 2004, Journal of dairy science.

[16]  T. Overton,et al.  Effects of dry cow grouping strategy and prepartum body condition score on performance and health of transition dairy cows. , 2004, Journal of dairy science.

[17]  M. Hall.  Challenges with nonfiber carbohydrate methods. , 2003, Journal of animal science.

[18]  T. Duffield,et al.  Effect of a monensin controlled release capsule on metabolic parameters in transition dairy cows. , 2003, Journal of dairy science.

[19]  F. O'Mara,et al.  Dietary cation-anion difference and the health and production of pasture-fed dairy cows. 1. Dairy cows in early lactation. , 2003, Journal of dairy science.

[20]  S. Bertics,et al.  Effects of transition diets varying in dietary energy density on lactation performance and ruminal parameters of dairy cows. , 2003, Journal of dairy science.

[21]  K. Holtenius,et al.  Effects of feeding intensity during the dry period. 1. Feed intake, body weight, and milk production. , 2003, Journal of dairy science.

[22]  F. O'Mara,et al.  Dietary cation-anion difference and the health and production of pasture-fed dairy cows 2. Nonlactating periparturient cows. , 2003, Journal of dairy science.

[23]  E. Nordheim,et al.  Animal and dietary factors affecting feed intake during the prefresh transition period in Holsteins. , 2002, Journal of dairy science.

[24]  D. Mertens.  Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. , 2002, Journal of AOAC International.

[25]  L. D. Muller,et al.  Performance of high producing dairy cows with three different feeding systems combining pasture and total mixed rations. , 2002, Journal of dairy science.

[26]  R. Grummer,et al.  Effects of day relative to parturition and dietary crude protein on rumen fermentation in prepartum transition cows. , 2002, Journal of dairy science.

[27]  H. Lapierre,et al.  Peripartum performance and metabolism of dairy cows in response to prepartum energy and protein intake. , 2002, Journal of dairy science.

[28]  E. Titgemeyer,et al.  Effect of protein level in prepartum diets on metabolism and performance of dairy cows. , 2002, Journal of dairy science.

[29]  F. O'Mara,et al.  Influence of transition diets on the performance and metabolic profile of dairy cows both pre- and post-calving , 2002 .

[30]  P. H. Robinson,et al.  Influence of close-up dry period protein supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of Holstein cows in their subsequent lactation. , 2001, Journal of dairy science.

[31]  H. H. Van Horn,et al.  Effects of prepartum dry matter intake and forage percentage on postpartum performance of lactating dairy cows. , 2001, Journal of dairy science.

[32]  T. Keady,et al.  Effect of concentrate feed level in late gestation on subsequent milk yield, milk composition, and fertility of dairy cows. , 2001, Journal of dairy science.

[33]  D. Beede,et al.  Peripartum responses of dairy cows to partial substitution of corn silage with corn grain in diets fed during the late dry period. , 2000, Journal of dairy science.

[34]  D. Bauman,et al.  Regulation of nutrient partitioning during lactation: homeostasis and homeorhesis revisited. , 2000 .

[35]  H. Dann,et al.  Improving energy supply to late gestation and early postpartum dairy cows. , 1999, Journal of dairy science.

[36]  T. Lawrence,et al.  Metabolic stress in dairy cows , 1999 .

[37]  R. Grummer,et al.  Effects of nonfiber carbohydrate and niacin on periparturient metabolic status and lactation of dairy cows. , 1998, Journal of dairy science.

[38]  J. Drackley,et al.  Nutrition during the dry period and hepatic lipid metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. , 1996, Journal of dairy science.

[39]  G. Bittante,et al.  Change in body condition score of Holstein cows as affected by parity and mature equivalent milk yield. , 1996, Journal of dairy science.

[40]  M. Hutjens.  approaches to feeding the high cow , 1996 .

[41]  R. Grummer.  Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow. , 1995, Journal of animal science.

[42]  S. Bertics,et al.  Effect of prepartum dry matter intake on liver triglyceride concentration and early lactation. , 1992, Journal of dairy science.

[43]  P. Garnsworthy,et al.  The influence of the fat concentration of the diet on the response by dairy cows to body condition at calving , 1992 .

[44]  W. Horwitz.  Official Methods of Analysis , 1980 .