Biochemical and Vigor Indicator Changes of Cacao Seeds at Five Levels of Storage Duration

Selama masa penyimpanan, benih kakao mengalami berbagai proses yang akan berpengaruh terhadap kandungan cadangan makanannya dan akan berdampak terhadap kapasitas perkecambahan dan vigor benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan biokimia dan vigor benih kakao setelah disimpan maksimum 4 minggu dengan selang waktu 1 minggu. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu dan rumah kaca Balittri, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, mulai bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2019. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap dengan lima taraf perlakuan lamanya waktu penyimpanan benih yang diulang lima kali. Kelima perlakuan tersebut yaitu:(a) benih tanpa disimpan,(b) benih disimpan 1 minggu, (c) benih disimpan 2 minggu, (d) benih disimpan 3 minggu, dan (e) benih disimpan 4 minggu. Parameter yang diamati selama penyimpanan adalah perubahan biokimia benih dan banyaknya benih yang berkecambah, sedangkan selama perkecambahan adalah indikator vigor benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan benih kakao selama 1-4 minggu menyebabkan penurunan kandungan lemak benih, sedangkan asam lemak bebas, protein, dan persentase benih berkecambah meningkat. Sampai umur 21 hari setelah semai, penyimpanan benih meningkatkan daya hantar listrik, tetapi menurunkan kecepatan tumbuh, potensi tumbuh maksimum, viabilitas, dan panjang hipokotil. Benih yang disimpan selama satu minggu masih memiliki vigor yang baik (viabilitas 80%), sedangkan benih yang disimpan selama 2-4 minggu menurun tingkat vigornya (viabilitas maksimum sekitar 54,4%).

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