A systematic method for selecting roller shade properties for glare protection

Abstract Currently, there is no methodical procedure for selecting solar-optical properties of roller shades, which affect the energy and indoor environmental performance of perimeter building zones. This paper presents a new systematic methodology for identifying the range of shading properties (openness factor and visible transmittance) that can significantly reduce the risk of glare. A model that calculates angular beam–beam and beam–diffuse shading optical properties using minimum inputs is used within a hybrid ray-tracing and radiosity daylighting model, validated with full-scale experiments. The temporal variation of beam and total vertical illuminance is used to define the annual visual discomfort frequency and establish a process for selecting the range of acceptable shading properties for each set of external parameters (location, orientation, glazing visible transmittance, and buffer zone). The combined impact of visible transmittance and openness factor on discomfort frequency and daylight metrics is non-linear and complex. Recommendations for openness factors and visible transmittance values are made for different scenarios. Selecting the upper limits of suggested ranges can provide more daylight into the space and reduce the probability of high contrast. These guidelines may be used for selection of shading products, followed by considerations about energy savings and provision of outside view.

[1]  Jeong Tai Kim,et al.  Influence of Window Views on the Subjective Evaluation of Discomfort Glare , 2011 .

[2]  Gillian Isoardi,et al.  Discomfort glare in open plan green buildings , 2014 .

[3]  John L. Wright,et al.  Determining Off-Normal Solar Optical Properties of Roller Blinds , 2009 .

[4]  Jan Wienold,et al.  Evaluation methods and development of a new glare prediction model for daylight environments with the use of CCD cameras , 2006 .

[5]  John Mardaljevic,et al.  Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors , 2006 .

[6]  A. Athienitis,et al.  The impact of shading design and control on building cooling and lighting demand , 2007 .

[7]  Martin Vraa Nielsen,et al.  Quantifying the potential of automated dynamic solar shading in office buildings through integrated simulations of energy and daylight , 2011 .

[8]  John L. Wright,et al.  Off-normal solar optical property measurements using an integrating sphere , 2012 .

[9]  Athanasios Tzempelikos,et al.  A hybrid ray-tracing and radiosity method for calculating radiation transport and illuminance distribution in spaces with venetian blinds , 2012 .

[10]  Athanasios Tzempelikos,et al.  A Global Method for Efficient Synchronized Shading Control Using the “Effective Daylight” Concept , 2014 .

[11]  Mehlika Inanici,et al.  A Critical Investigation of Common Lighting Design Metrics for Predicting Human Visual Comfort in Offices with Daylight , 2014 .

[12]  Jacob C. Jonsson,et al.  Light-scattering properties of a woven shade-screen material used for daylighting and solar heat-gain control , 2008, Optical Engineering + Applications.

[13]  William Vicent.  Comparing visual comfort metrics for fourteen spaces using simulation-based luminance mapping , 2012 .

[14]  F. Nicol,et al.  Using field measurements of desktop illuminance in european offices to investigate its dependence on outdoor conditions and its effect on occupant satisfaction, and the use of lights and blinds , 2006 .

[15]  Mehlika Inanici,et al.  The Effect of Luminance Distribution Patterns on Occupant Preference in a Daylit Office Environment , 2010 .

[16]  Athanasios Tzempelikos,et al.  Solar Optical Properties of Roller Shades: Modeling Approaches, Measured Results and Impact on Energy Use and Visual Comfort , 2014 .

[17]  Athanasios Tzempelikos,et al.  Daylighting and energy analysis of private offices with automated interior roller shades , 2012 .

[18]  Paul Fazio,et al.  Evaluation of radiance's genBSDF capability to assess solar bidirectional properties of complex fenestration systems , 2015 .

[19]  Berit Time,et al.  Solar shading control strategies in cold climates – Heating, cooling demand and daylight availability in office spaces , 2014 .

[20]  Kyle Konis,et al.  Predicting visual comfort in side-lit open-plan core zones: Results of a field study pairing high dynamic range images with subjective responses , 2014 .

[21]  Mark Stanley Rea,et al.  The IESNA lighting handbook : reference & application , 2000 .

[22]  Marc Schiler,et al.  Development of new daylight glare analysis methodology using absolute glare factor and relative glare factor , 2013 .

[23]  Peter Apian-Bennewitz.  Review of simulating four classes of window materials for daylighting with non-standard BSDF using the simulation program Radiance , 2013, ArXiv.

[24]  P. Ineichen,et al.  A new simplified version of the perez diffuse irradiance model for tilted surfaces , 1987 .

[25]  S Escuyer,et al.  Lighting controls: a field study of office workers’ reactions , 2001 .

[26]  Andrew McNeil,et al.  Monitored lighting energy savings from dimmable lighting controls in The New York Times Headquarters Building , 2014 .

[27]  Toke Rammer Nielsen,et al.  Simple tool to evaluate the impact of daylight on building energy consumption , 2008 .

[28]  Christoph F. Reinhart,et al.  PREDICTING VISUAL COMFORT CONDITIONS IN A LARGE DAYLIT SPACE BASED ON LONG-TERM OCCUPANT EVALUATIONS: A FIELD STUDY , 2013 .

[29]  Stephen Selkowitz,et al.  The design and evaluation of integrated envelope and lighting control strategies for commercial buildings , 1995 .

[30]  M. W. Keyes.  Analysis and rating of drapery materials used for indoor shading , 1967 .

[31]  Athanassios Tzempelikos,et al.  A Review of Optical Properties of Shading Devices , 2008 .

[32]  C. Reinhart,et al.  Development and validation of a Radiance model for a translucent panel , 2006 .

[33]  Andrew McNeil,et al.  A validation of a ray-tracing tool used to generate bi-directional scattering distribution functions for complex fenestration systems , 2013 .

[34]  Iason Konstantzos,et al.  Experimental and simulation analysis of daylight glare probability in offices with dynamic window shades , 2015 .

[35]  Marilyne Andersen,et al.  Using digital imaging to assess spectral solar-optical properties of complex fenestration materials: A new approach in video―goniophotometry , 2010 .