The phosphate sensor.

The field of phosphate sensors is reviewed. Sensors in the form of potentiometric ion-selective electrodes, amperometric and potentiometric enzyme electrodes, amperometric plant-tissue electrodes and other devices in the form of integrated probes used for determining orthophosphate concentrations in aqueous solutions, are described. Information provided includes conditions like pH and temperature at which the device is operated, as well as experimental results in the form of linear ranges, detection limits and interfering substances. The time period covered ranges from 1986 up to mid-1997. Earlier work is included in some cases.

[1]  C M Carey,et al.  Cyclic polyamine ionophore for use in a dibasic phosphate-selective electrode. , 1994, Analytical chemistry.

[2]  K. Cammann,et al.  Properties of a phosphate sensitive solid state electrode based on cerium-IV-hydrogenphosphate mixed with PVC , 1989 .

[3]  N. Chaniotakis,et al.  Multiorganyltin Compounds. Designing a novel phosphate‐selective carrier , 1994 .

[4]  K. Schügerl,et al.  Development of biosensors based on an electrolyte isolator semiconductor (EIS) -capacitor structure and their application for process monitoring. Part I. Development of the biosensors and their characterization , 1995 .

[5]  Yu. A. Zolotov,et al.  Dialkyltin salts as extractants in methods for the determination of arsenic and phosphorus , 1985 .

[6]  R J Allen,et al.  The estimation of phosphorus. , 1940, The Biochemical journal.

[7]  G G Guilbault,et al.  A phosphate-selective electrode based on immobilized alkaline phosphatase and glucose oxidase. , 1975, Analytica chimica acta.

[8]  J. D. Burton,et al.  Problems in the analysis of phosphorus compounds , 1973 .

[9]  G. Guilbault,et al.  Ion Selective Electrodes for Phosphate Using Enzyme Systems , 1976 .

[10]  Peter W. Alexander,et al.  Flow-injection Potentiometric Detection of Phosphates Using a Metallic Cobalt Wire Ion-selective Electrode , 1997 .

[11]  Y. Umezawa,et al.  Orthophosphate ion-sensors based on a quartz-crystal microbalance coated with insoluble orthophosphate salts , 1997 .

[12]  E. Sekido,et al.  Response properties of an ion-selective polymeric membrane phosphate electrode prepared with cobalt phthalocyanine and characterization of the electrode process , 1990 .

[13]  J. F. Staden.  Behaviour of silver orthophosphate as the electroactive sensor of a coated tubular solid-state phosphate-selective electrode in flow-injection analysis , 1993 .

[14]  J. V. Bannister,et al.  Amperometric dertermination of phosphate ions by biosensor , 1992 .

[15]  L. Campanella,et al.  Phosphate determination in foodstuffs using a plant tissue electrode , 1992 .

[16]  H. Tiessen.  Phosphorous in the global environment: transfers, cycles and management , 1995 .

[17]  M A Arnold,et al.  Phosphate-selective polymer membrane electrode. , 1988, Analytical chemistry.

[18]  P. Coulet,et al.  Phosphate-sensitive enzyme electrode : a potential sensor for environment control , 1990 .

[19]  J. Luong,et al.  An FIA biosensor system for the determination of phosphate. , 1991, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[20]  Karl Cammann,et al.  A novel enzyme sensor for the determination of inorganic phosphate , 1995 .

[21]  K. Fluri,et al.  Trialkyltin Compounds as Neutral Carriers for Anions in PVC Liquid Membranes and Complex Formation with Oxoanions , 1992 .

[22]  L Campanella,et al.  Determination of inorganic phosphate in drug formulations and biological fluids using a plant tissue electrode. , 1990, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[23]  P. Coulet,et al.  Effect of enzyme ratio and enzyme loading on the performance of a bienzymatic electrochemical phosphate biosensor , 1993 .

[24]  F. Spener,et al.  Production and Stabilization of Pure Maltose Phosphorylase from Lactobacillus brevis for Sensing Inorganic Phosphate a , 1996, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[25]  K. Xiao,et al.  Strong hydrogen bond-mediated complexation of H2PO4− by neutral bis-thiourea hosts , 1997 .

[26]  M. Arnold,et al.  Selectivity of membrane electrodes based on derivatives of dibenzyltin dichloride. , 1991, Analytical chemistry.

[27]  J. Ogawa,et al.  Determination of inorganic phosphate by flow injection method with immobilized enzymes and chemiluminescence detection. , 1989, Analytical biochemistry.

[28]  M. Meyerhoff,et al.  Mixed potential response mechanism of cobalt electrodes toward inorganic phosphate. , 1996, Analytical chemistry.

[29]  S. Wakida,et al.  Phosphate ion-sensitive coated-wire/field-effect transistor electrode based on cobalt phthalocyanine with poly(vinyl chloride) as the membrane matrix , 1989 .

[30]  H. Endo,et al.  Determination of phosphate ions with an enzyme sensor system. , 1987, Biosensors.

[31]  C. R. Linders,et al.  Electrode Hybride Pour la Determination de Phosphates et de Polyphosphates. Application aux Problemes Lies a l'Environnement , 1985 .

[32]  F. Spener,et al.  Maltose phosphorylase from Lactobacillus brevis: purification, characterization, and application in a biosensor for ortho-phosphate. , 1997, Enzyme and microbial technology.

[33]  Hong-Yan. Yuan,et al.  Surface-modified cobalt-based sensor as a phosphate-sensitive electrode , 1995 .

[34]  G. R. Bartlett.  Phosphorus assay in column chromatography. , 1959, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[35]  M. Mascini,et al.  AP-GOD Biosensor Based on a Modified Poly(PHENOL) Film Electrode and Its Application in the Determination of Low Levels of Phosphate , 1995 .

[36]  K. Cheng,et al.  An anion-selective membrane electrode based on a mixture of insoluble lead salts. , 1990, Talanta.

[37]  Guo-Li Shen,et al.  Polymeric membrane phosphate sensitive electrode based on binuclear organotin compound , 1997 .

[38]  M. Arnold,et al.  Selectivity for phosphate and citrate with benzyltin-based polymer membrane electrodes† , 1993 .

[39]  Phosphate Sensor Composed from Immobilized Pyruvate Oxidase and an Oxygen Electrode , 1991 .

[40]  P. Beer.  Anion selective recognition and optical/electrochemical sensing by novel transition-metal receptor systems , 1996 .

[41]  C. H. Fiske,et al.  THE COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHORUS , 1925 .

[42]  J. P. Riley,et al.  A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters , 1962 .

[43]  E. Pungor,et al.  Theorie und Anwendung der heterogenen Gummimembranelektroden für die Bestimmung einiger Ionen , 1966 .

[44]  Phosphate selectivity of membranes based on hexyl p-trifluoroacetylbenzoate , 1994 .

[45]  L. Kubota,et al.  Hydroxyapatite-based electrode : A new sensor for phosphate , 1996 .

[46]  M. Arnold,et al.  Progress In Phosphate-Selective Electrode Development , 1989 .

[47]  G. Guilbault,et al.  Amperometric determination of phosphate by use of a nucleoside phosphorylase-xanthine oxidase enzyme sensor based on a Clark-type hydrogen peroxide or oxygen electrode. , 1990, Analytical biochemistry.

[48]  T. Osakai,et al.  A voltammetric phosphate sensor based on heteropolyanion formation at the nitrobenzene/water interface , 1993 .

[49]  T. Matsunaga,et al.  Photomicrobial sensors for selective determination of phosphate , 1984 .

[50]  N. Chaniotakis,et al.  Potentiometric phosphate selective electrode based on a multidendate—tin (IV) carrier , 1993 .

[51]  U. Wollenberger,et al.  Biosensor for sensitive phosphate detection , 1992 .

[52]  E. Grabner,et al.  A phosphate sensor based on silver phosphate-modified electrodes , 1990 .

[53]  Frieder W. Scheller,et al.  Plant tissue hybrid electrode for determination of phosphate and fluoride , 1984 .

[54]  P. Beer,et al.  Novel anion binding selectivity trends exhibited by new dinuclear rhenium(i), ruthenium(ii) and osmium(ii) bipyridyl cleft-type receptors , 1997 .

[55]  T. Ikeda,et al.  An amperometric-enzymatic method for assays of inorganic phosphate and adenosine deaminase in serum based on the measurement of uric acid with a dialysis membrane-covered carbon electrode , 1995 .