Directionally Selective Motion Detection by Insect Neurons

Animals have several good reasons for detecting motion with their eyes. First, the motion of other animals — potential preys, mates, intruders or predators — provides essential information on which to base vital moves such as escape or chase. Secondly, information about self-motion is crucial, especially in the context of navigation, course stabilization, obstacle avoidance, and collision-free goal reaching. In fact, the wealth of information provided by passive, non-contact self-motion evaluation in visual systems has been likened to a kind of “visual kinaesthesis” (Gibson 1958). Even the 3D structure of the environment can be picked up by a moving observer (revs. Collett and Harkness 1982; Buchner 1984; Nakayama 1985; Hildreth and Koch 1987). Von Helmholtz (1867) was the first to clearly state the importance of this “motion parallax” in locomotion, and Exner (1891) proposed that arthropods make use of motion parallax as well as stereopsis to estimate distances (see also Horridge 1986).

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