Mechanisms of decompensation and organ failure in cirrhosis: From peripheral arterial vasodilation to systemic inflammation hypothesis.

[1]  N. LaRusso,et al.  Absence of the intestinal microbiota exacerbates hepatobiliary disease in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis , 2016, Hepatology.

[2]  R. Bataller,et al.  Systemic inflammatory response and serum lipopolysaccharide levels predict multiple organ failure and death in alcoholic hepatitis , 2015, Hepatology.

[3]  G. Lee,et al.  Hepatic encephalopathy in acute-on-chronic liver failure , 2015, Hepatology International.

[4]  W. Kim,et al.  Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites , 2015, Gut.

[5]  D. Brenner,et al.  Commensal microbiota is hepatoprotective and prevents liver fibrosis in mice , 2015, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[6]  J. Turner,et al.  Dysbiosis‐induced intestinal inflammation activates tumor necrosis factor receptor I and mediates alcoholic liver disease in mice , 2015, Hepatology.

[7]  R. Jalan,et al.  Hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure. , 2015, Journal of hepatology.

[8]  M. Naldi,et al.  Posttranscriptional changes of serum albumin: Clinical and prognostic significance in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis , 2014, Hepatology.

[9]  M. Álvarez-Mon,et al.  Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance. , 2014, Journal of hepatology.

[10]  M. Fallon,et al.  Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cell Dysfunction in Rat Experimental Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) , 2014, PloS one.

[11]  Beiwen Zheng,et al.  Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis , 2014, Nature.

[12]  M. Fallon,et al.  Endothelin-1 activation of the endothelin B receptor modulates pulmonary endothelial CX3CL1 and contributes to pulmonary angiogenesis in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome. , 2014, The American journal of pathology.

[13]  Antonio Grieco,et al.  The Liver May Act as a Firewall Mediating Mutualism Between the Host and Its Gut Commensal Microbiota , 2014, Science Translational Medicine.

[14]  D. Brenner,et al.  Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and liver diseases. , 2014, Gastroenterology.

[15]  M. Fallon,et al.  Pulmonary complications in chronic liver disease , 2014, Hepatology.

[16]  J. Kellum,et al.  A Unified Theory of Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Inflammation, Microcirculatory Dysfunction, Bioenergetics, and the Tubular Cell Adaptation to Injury , 2014, Shock.

[17]  M. Singer The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis-induced multi-organ failure , 2013, Virulence.

[18]  H. Wong,et al.  Role of Biomarkers in Sepsis Care , 2013, Shock.

[19]  R. Jalan,et al.  Albumin: Pathophysiologic basis of its role in the treatment of cirrhosis and its complications , 2013, Hepatology.

[20]  M. Pavesi,et al.  Relative adrenal insufficiency in decompensated cirrhosis: Relationship to short‐term risk of severe sepsis, hepatorenal syndrome, and death , 2013, Hepatology.

[21]  R. Stauber,et al.  Oxidative albumin damage in chronic liver failure: relation to albumin binding capacity, liver dysfunction and survival. , 2013, Journal of hepatology.

[22]  M. Bernardi,et al.  Interactions of the heart and the liver. , 2013, European heart journal.

[23]  T. van der Poll,et al.  Severe sepsis and septic shock. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[24]  R. Moreau,et al.  Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. , 2013, Gastroenterology.

[25]  T. Roskams,et al.  Activated intestinal macrophages in patients with cirrhosis release NO and IL-6 that may disrupt intestinal barrier function. , 2013, Journal of hepatology.

[26]  R. Moreau,et al.  Gene- and exon-expression profiling reveals an extensive LPS-induced response in immune cells in patients with cirrhosis. , 2013, Journal of hepatology.

[27]  N. Webster,et al.  Clinical application of sepsis biomarkers , 2013, Journal of Anesthesia.

[28]  V. Paradis,et al.  Increased renal expression and urinary excretion of TLR4 in acute kidney injury associated with cirrhosis , 2013, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[29]  B. Kronenberger,et al.  Macrophage activation is a prognostic parameter for variceal bleeding and overall survival in patients with liver cirrhosis , 2013 .

[30]  P. Angeli,et al.  Positive cardiac inotropic effect of albumin infusion in rodents with cirrhosis and ascites: molecular mechanisms , 2013, Hepatology.

[31]  J. Faix Biomarkers of sepsis , 2013, Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences.

[32]  R. Francés,et al.  Interaction between intestinal dendritic cells and bacteria translocated from the gut in rats with cirrhosis , 2012, Hepatology.

[33]  P. Kubes,et al.  Sterile inflammation in the liver. , 2012, Gastroenterology.

[34]  M. Fallon,et al.  The role of CX₃CL1/CX₃CR1 in pulmonary angiogenesis and intravascular monocyte accumulation in rat experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome. , 2012, Journal of hepatology.

[35]  Masoumeh Sikaroodi,et al.  Colonic mucosal microbiome differs from stool microbiome in cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy and is linked to cognition and inflammation. , 2012, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[36]  Derrick E Fouts,et al.  Bacterial translocation and changes in the intestinal microbiome in mouse models of liver disease. , 2012, Journal of hepatology.

[37]  R. Jalan,et al.  Prevention of acute kidney injury in a rodent model of cirrhosis following selective gut decontamination is associated with reduced renal TLR4 expression. , 2012, Journal of hepatology.

[38]  C. Hofmann,et al.  Intestinal bacterial translocation in rats with cirrhosis is related to compromised paneth cell antimicrobial host defense , 2012, Hepatology.

[39]  P. Caraceni,et al.  Albumin infusion in patients undergoing large‐volume paracentesis: A meta‐analysis of randomized trials , 2012, Hepatology.

[40]  A. Burroughs,et al.  Adrenocortical dysfunction in liver disease: A systematic review , 2012, Hepatology.

[41]  Ruslan Medzhitov,et al.  Disease Tolerance as a Defense Strategy , 2012, Science.

[42]  E. Tsianos,et al.  Rifaximin reduces endotoxemia and improves liver function and disease severity in patients with decompensated cirrhosis , 2012, Hepatology.

[43]  Richard A. Flavell,et al.  Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity , 2012, Nature.

[44]  J. Talwalkar,et al.  Prevalence of spontaneous portosystemic shunts in patients with portopulmonary hypertension and effect on treatment. , 2011, Gastroenterology.

[45]  D. Douek,et al.  Host response to translocated microbial products predicts outcomes of patients with HBV or HCV infection. , 2011, Gastroenterology.

[46]  Baoli Zhu,et al.  Characterization of fecal microbial communities in patients with liver cirrhosis , 2011, Hepatology.

[47]  J. Lewis The utility of biomarkers in the diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. , 2011, Gastroenterology.

[48]  S. Archer,et al.  A central role for CD68(+) macrophages in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Reversal by macrophage depletion. , 2011, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[49]  Wei Xu,et al.  Intestinal Microbiota Was Assessed in Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection , 2011, Microbial Ecology.

[50]  S. Akira,et al.  Pathogen Recognition by the Innate Immune System , 2011, International reviews of immunology.

[51]  J. Schölmerich,et al.  Splanchnic sympathectomy prevents translocation and spreading of E coli but not S aureus in liver cirrhosis , 2010, Gut.

[52]  S. Akira,et al.  The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors , 2010, Nature Immunology.

[53]  A. Burroughs,et al.  Assessment of adrenocortical reserve in stable patients with cirrhosis. , 2010, Journal of hepatology.

[54]  E. Christensen,et al.  Systematic review of randomized trials on vasoconstrictor drugs for hepatorenal syndrome , 2010, Hepatology.

[55]  F. Salerno,et al.  The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in cirrhotic patients: relationship with their in-hospital outcome. , 2009, Journal of hepatology.

[56]  G. La Torre,et al.  Increased intestinal permeability and tight junction alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease , 2009, Hepatology.

[57]  T. van Groen,et al.  Pulmonary angiogenesis in a rat model of hepatopulmonary syndrome. , 2009, Gastroenterology.

[58]  D. Foell,et al.  Monitoring disease activity by stool analyses: from occult blood to molecular markers of intestinal inflammation and damage , 2009, Gut.

[59]  F. Schliess,et al.  Pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy , 2008, Gut.

[60]  R. Rodríguez-Roisín,et al.  Hepatopulmonary syndrome--a liver-induced lung vascular disorder. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[61]  A. Sanyal,et al.  A randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of terlipressin for type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. , 2008, Gastroenterology.

[62]  V. Arroyo,et al.  Terlipressin and albumin vs albumin in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized study. , 2008, Gastroenterology.

[63]  S. Sriskandan,et al.  The immunology of sepsis , 2008, The Journal of pathology.

[64]  J. Bourquin,et al.  Opposite regulation of endothelial NO synthase by HSP90 and caveolin in liver and lungs of rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome. , 2007, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[65]  M. Navasa,et al.  Primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis delays hepatorenal syndrome and improves survival in cirrhosis. , 2007, Gastroenterology.

[66]  Vicente Arroyo,et al.  Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis , 2007, Postgraduate Medical Journal.

[67]  M. Fallon,et al.  Modulation of pulmonary endothelial endothelin B receptor expression and signaling: implications for experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome. , 2007, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.

[68]  P. Angeli,et al.  Renal failure and bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis: Epidemiology and clinical features , 2007, Hepatology.

[69]  V. Arroyo,et al.  Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock: Effect of treatment with hydrocortisone on survival , 2006, Hepatology.

[70]  M. Tsai,et al.  Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis, severe sepsis and septic shock , 2006, Hepatology.

[71]  R. Groszmann,et al.  The hyperdynamic circulation of chronic liver diseases: From the patient to the molecule , 2006, Hepatology.

[72]  G. Su,et al.  An essential role for complement C5a in the pathogenesis of septic cardiac dysfunction , 2006, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[73]  M. Navasa,et al.  Renal failure in patients with cirrhosis and sepsis unrelated to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: value of MELD score. , 2005, Gastroenterology.

[74]  W. Jiménez,et al.  A randomized unblinded pilot study comparing albumin versus hydroxyethyl starch in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis , 2005, Hepatology.

[75]  W. Jiménez,et al.  Circulatory function and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis , 2005, Hepatology.

[76]  A. De La Hera,et al.  Mesenteric Th1 polarization and monocyte TNF‐α production: First steps to systemic inflammation in rats with cirrhosis , 2005, Hepatology.

[77]  R. Moreau,et al.  Norfloxacin reduces aortic NO synthases and proinflammatory cytokine up-regulation in cirrhotic rats: role of Akt signaling. , 2005, Gastroenterology.

[78]  W. Jiménez,et al.  The role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of systemic and splanchnic vasodilation in cirrhotic rats before and after the onset of ascites , 2005, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[79]  F. Lammert,et al.  Patients with acute on chronic liver failure display "sepsis-like" immune paralysis. , 2005, Journal of hepatology.

[80]  P. Hellström,et al.  Technology Insight: calprotectin, lactoferrin and nitric oxide as novel markers of inflammatory bowel disease , 2005, Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology &Hepatology.

[81]  W. Grizzle,et al.  The role of endothelin‐1 and the endothelin B receptor in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome in the rat , 2004, Hepatology.

[82]  M. Álvarez-Mon,et al.  Tumour necrosis factor-alpha expression by activated monocytes and altered T-cell homeostasis in ascitic alcoholic cirrhosis: amelioration with norfloxacin. , 2004, Journal of hepatology.

[83]  K. Lenz,et al.  Systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamic derangement in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis , 2004, Hepatology.

[84]  R. Groszmann,et al.  Bacterial translocation up‐regulates GTP‐cyclohydrolase I in mesenteric vasculature of cirrhotic rats , 2003, Hepatology.

[85]  F. Trevisani,et al.  Systemic and regional hemodynamics in pre-ascitic cirrhosis: effects of posture. , 2003, Journal of hepatology.

[86]  J. Aparicio,et al.  Intestinal permeability is increased in patients with advanced cirrhosis. , 2003, Hepato-gastroenterology.

[87]  G. Jennings,et al.  The Effect of Selective Intestinal Decontamination on the Hyperdynamic Circulatory State in Cirrhosis , 2003, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[88]  Roger Williams,et al.  Peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of toll‐like receptors and relation to cytokine levels in cirrhosis , 2003, Hepatology.

[89]  P. Cahill,et al.  The role of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in extrahepatic portal hypertension: studies in gene-knockout mice. , 2003, Gastroenterology.

[90]  Vineeta Kumar,et al.  Colonic mucosa in patients with portal hypertension , 2003, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[91]  R. Groszmann,et al.  Mice with targeted deletion of eNOS develop hyperdynamic circulation associated with portal hypertension. , 2002, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[92]  L. Chauvelot‐Moachon,et al.  Terlipressin inhibits in vivo aortic iNOS expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats with biliary cirrhosis , 2002, Hepatology.

[93]  R. Bataller,et al.  Terlipressin therapy with and without albumin for patients with hepatorenal syndrome: Results of a prospective, nonrandomized study , 2002, Hepatology.

[94]  J. Aponte,et al.  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in human cirrhosis is associated with systemic endotoxemia , 2002, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[95]  M. Humbert,et al.  Prevention of gram-negative translocation reduces the severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome. , 2002, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[96]  K. Morris,et al.  Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 by nitric oxide during hepatopulmonary syndrome. , 2002, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.

[97]  F. Rodríguez-Valera,et al.  Detection and identification of bacterial DNA in patients with cirrhosis and culture‐negative, nonneutrocytic ascites , 2002, Hepatology.

[98]  R. Moreau,et al.  Role of shear stress in aortic eNOS up-regulation in rats with biliary cirrhosis. , 2002, Gastroenterology.

[99]  E. Nudler,et al.  Catalysis of S-nitrosothiols formation by serum albumin: The mechanism and implication in vascular control , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[100]  K. Sugimachi,et al.  Activation of eNOS in rat portal hypertensive gastric mucosa is mediated by TNF‐α via the PI 3‐kinase–Akt signaling pathway , 2002, Hepatology.

[101]  J. Aponte,et al.  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with cirrhosis: prevalence and relation with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis , 2001, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[102]  F. Cumsille,et al.  Long-term treatment with cisapride and antibiotics in liver cirrhosis: effect on small intestinal motility, bacterial overgrowth, and liver function , 2001, American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[103]  J. Schlessinger,et al.  Cell Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases , 2000, Cell.

[104]  C. Bode,et al.  Increased intestinal permeability to macromolecules and endotoxemia in patients with chronic alcohol abuse in different stages of alcohol-induced liver disease. , 2000, Journal of hepatology.

[105]  R. Groszmann,et al.  Bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats stimulates eNOS-derived NO production and impairs mesenteric vascular contractility. , 1999, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[106]  I. Hirata,et al.  Increased prevalence of intestinal inflammation in patients with liver cirrhosis. , 1999, World journal of gastroenterology.

[107]  L. Pfeffer,et al.  NF-κB activation by tumour necrosis factor requires the Akt serine–threonine kinase , 1999, Nature.

[108]  M. Navasa,et al.  Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[109]  R. Groszmann,et al.  Hsp90 regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase contributes to vascular control in portal hypertension. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[110]  M. Álvarez-Mon,et al.  Factors mediating the hemodynamic effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in portal hypertensive rats. , 1999, The American journal of physiology.

[111]  M. Álvarez-Mon,et al.  Factors mediating the hemodynamic effects of tumor necrosis factor-α in portal hypertensive rats. , 1999, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[112]  Chi-Sen Chang,et al.  Small intestine dysmotility and bacterial overgrowth in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis , 1998, Hepatology.

[113]  W. Jiménez,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin‐6 in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: Relationship with the development of renal impairment and mortality , 1998, Hepatology.

[114]  M. Tomikawa,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor α regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in portal hypertensive gastric mucosa of rats , 1998 .

[115]  G. Jennings,et al.  Effect of Fluoroquinolone on the Enhanced Nitric Oxide-Induced Peripheral Vasodilation Seen in Cirrhosis , 1997, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[116]  A. Levitzki,et al.  Tyrosine kinase inhibition ameliorates the hyperdynamic state and decreases nitric oxide production in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension and ascites. , 1997, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[117]  W. Jiménez,et al.  Paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction: mechanism and effect on hepatic hemodynamics in cirrhosis. , 1997, Gastroenterology.

[118]  W. Jiménez,et al.  Randomized trial comparing albumin, dextran 70, and polygeline in cirrhotic patients with ascites treated by paracentesis. , 1996, Gastroenterology.

[119]  R. Groszmann,et al.  Thalidomide inhibits tumor necrosis factor α, decreases nitric oxide synthesis, and ameliorates the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in portal‐hypertensive rats , 1996, Hepatology.

[120]  J. Schölmerich,et al.  Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis , 1996, Hepatology.

[121]  A. West,et al.  Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes is increased in cirrhotic rats with ascites. , 1995, Gastroenterology.

[122]  R. Moreau,et al.  Endogenous factors involved in the control of arterial tone in cirrhosis. , 1995, Journal of hepatology.

[123]  R. Groszmann,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor α: A major contributor to the hyperdynamic circulation in prehepatic portal-hypertensive rats , 1995 .

[124]  J. Llovet,et al.  Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: Incidence, clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis , 1994, Hepatology.

[125]  K. Miyakawa,et al.  A syndrome of cirrhosis, achlorhydria, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and fat malabsorption. , 1993, The American journal of gastroenterology.

[126]  O. Bulbena,et al.  Increased serum nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with cirrhosis: Relationship to endotoxemia , 1993, Hepatology.

[127]  F. Trevisani,et al.  Renal sodium retention during upright posture in preascitic cirrhosis. , 1993, Gastroenterology.

[128]  F. Trevisani,et al.  The hemodynamic status of preascitic cirrhosis: An evaluation under steady‐state conditions and after postural change , 1992, Hepatology.

[129]  R. Sartor,et al.  Hepatic inflammation in rats with experimental small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. , 1990, Gastroenterology.

[130]  Vicente Arroyo,et al.  Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis: A proposal for the initiation of renal sodium and water retention in cirrhosis , 1988, Hepatology.

[131]  M. Wexler,et al.  Hepatic denervation alters first-phase urinary sodium excretion in dogs with cirrhosis. , 1987, The American journal of physiology.

[132]  F. Fitzpatrick,et al.  Albumin-eicosanoid interactions. A model system to determine their attributes and inhibition. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[133]  M. Wexler,et al.  Dogs with experimental cirrhosis of the liver but without intrahepatic hypertension do not retain sodium or form ascites. , 1983, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[134]  T. Reynolds,et al.  THE RELATIONSHIP OF PLASMA VOLUME, PORTAL HYPERTENSION, ASCITES, AND RENAL SODIUM RETENTION IN CIRRHOSIS: THE OVERFLOW THEORY OF ASCITES FORMATION , 1970 .

[135]  J. González-Navajas,et al.  Absent in melanoma 2 triggers a heightened inflammasome response in ascitic fluid macrophages of patients with cirrhosis. , 2015, Journal of hepatology.

[136]  M. Geuking,et al.  Pathological bacterial translocation in liver cirrhosis. , 2014, Journal of hepatology.

[137]  M. Sitges,et al.  LEFT ventricular function assessed by echocardiography in cirrhosis: relationship to systemic hemodynamics and renal dysfunction. , 2013, Journal of hepatology.

[138]  M. Navasa,et al.  Effects of treatment of hepatorenal syndrome before transplantation on posttransplantation outcome. A case-control study. , 2004, Journal of hepatology.

[139]  R. Groszmann,et al.  NO overproduction by eNOS precedes hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation in portal hypertensive rats. , 1999, The American journal of physiology.

[140]  M. Tomikawa,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor alpha regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in portal hypertensive gastric mucosa of rats. , 1998, Hepatology.

[141]  R. Groszmann,et al.  Tumor necrosis factor alpha: a major contributor to the hyperdynamic circulation in prehepatic portal-hypertensive rats. , 1995, Gastroenterology.

[142]  A. Gasbarrini,et al.  Bed-rest-induced hypernatriuresis in cirrhotic patients without ascites: does it contribute to maintain 'compensation'? , 1992, Journal of hepatology.