Assessment of in Vitro Digestibility of Dietary Carbohydrates Using Rat Small Intestinal Extract.

There are few studies on the assessment of digestibility of nondigestible carbohydrates, despite their increasingly important role in human health. In vitro digestibility of a range of dietary carbohydrates classified as digestible (maltose, sucrose, and lactose), well-recognized (lactulose, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and two types of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) differing in the predominant glycosidic linkage), and potential (lactosucrose and GOS from lactulose, OsLu) prebiotics using a rat small intestinal extract (RSIE) under physiological conditions of temperature and pH is described. Recognized and potential prebiotics were highly resistant to RSIE digestion although partial hydrolysis at different extents was observed. FOS and lactulose were the most resistant to digestion, followed closely by OsLu and more distantly by both types of GOS and lactosucrose. In GOS, β(1 → 6) linkages were more resistant to digestion than β(1 → 4) bonds. The reported in vitro digestion model is a useful, simple, and cost-effective tool to evaluate the digestibility of dietary oligosaccharides.

[1]  N. Rigby,et al.  Study on the digestion of milk with prebiotic carbohydrates in a simulated gastrointestinal model , 2017 .

[2]  R. Giacco,et al.  Metabolic effects of dietary carbohydrates: The importance of food digestion , 2016 .

[3]  B. Hamaker,et al.  Contribution of the Individual Small Intestinal α-Glucosidases to Digestion of Unusual α-Linked Glycemic Disaccharides. , 2016, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[4]  Kazuo Ito,et al.  Synthesis of long-chain isomaltooligosaccharides from tapioca starch and an in vitro investigation of their prebiotic properties , 2015 .

[5]  F. J. Moreno,et al.  Stability of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose during the processing of milk and apple juice. , 2015, Food chemistry.

[6]  K. Omagari,et al.  Determination Trial of Nondigestible Oligosaccharide in Processed Foods by Improved AOAC Method 2009.01 Using Porcine Small Intestinal Enzyme. , 2015, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[7]  A. Meyer,et al.  In Situ Prebiotics for Weaning Piglets: In Vitro Production and Fermentation of Potato Galacto-Rhamnogalacturonan , 2014, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[8]  Efsa Panel on Dietetic Products.  Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to Nutriose®06 and a reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 , 2014 .

[9]  Kenichi Tanabe,et al.  Inaccuracy of AOAC method 2009.01 with amyloglucosidase for measuring non-digestible oligosaccharides and proposal for an improvement of the method. , 2014, Food chemistry.

[10]  R. Boom,et al.  Kinetic characterization of galacto‐oligosaccharide (GOS) synthesis by three commercially important β‐galactosidases , 2014, Biotechnology progress.

[11]  Efsa Publication.  EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies), 2014. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to AlphaGOS® and a reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 , 2014 .

[12]  V. Naidoo,et al.  Evaluation of the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes, antioxidant activity and polyphenolic content of extracts of ten African Ficus species (Moraceae) used traditionally to treat diabetes , 2013, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.

[13]  J. Blouin,et al.  Lactose malabsorption and colonic fermentations alter host metabolism in rats , 2013, British Journal of Nutrition.

[14]  A. I. Ruiz-Matute,et al.  Presence of mono-, di- and galactooligosaccharides in commercial lactose-free UHT dairy products , 2012 .

[15]  A. Clemente,et al.  Monomer and linkage type of galacto-oligosaccharides affect their resistance to ileal digestion and prebiotic properties in rats. , 2012, The Journal of nutrition.

[16]  Kenichi Tanabe,et al.  Similarity of hydrolyzing activity of human and rat small intestinal disaccharidases , 2011, Clinical and experimental gastroenterology.

[17]  R. Havenaar.  Intestinal health functions of colonic microbial metabolites: a review. , 2011, Beneficial microbes.

[18]  D. Otieno.  Synthesis of β-Galactooligosaccharides from Lactose Using Microbial β-Galactosidases. , 2010, Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety.

[19]  L. Rodrigues,et al.  Galacto-Oligosaccharides: Production, Properties, Applications, and Significance as Prebiotics. , 2010, Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety.

[20]  C. Jobin,et al.  High-Fat Diet: Bacteria Interactions Promote Intestinal Inflammation Which Precedes and Correlates with Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mouse , 2010, PloS one.

[21]  D. Kasper,et al.  Microbiota-stimulated immune mechanisms to maintain gut homeostasis. , 2010, Current opinion in immunology.

[22]  Nathalie M. Delzenne,et al.  Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits , 2010, British Journal of Nutrition.

[23]  M. L. Sanz,et al.  Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of galactosyl derivatives obtained by the action of two different β-galactosidases , 2009 .

[24]  F. Plou,et al.  Immobilisation of fructosyltransferase from Aspergillus aculeatus on epoxy-activated Sepabeads EC for the synthesis of fructo-oligosaccharides , 2005 .

[25]  M. Roberfroid,et al.  Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics , 2004, Nutrition Research Reviews.

[26]  S. Franceschi,et al.  Glycemic index in chronic disease: a review , 2002, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[27]  F. Bornet,et al.  Digestion, excretion, and energy value of fructooligosaccharides in healthy humans. , 1996, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[28]  H. Ueda,et al.  Availability of 4'galactosyllactose (O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)- D-glucopyranose) in rat. , 1990, Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology.

[29]  C. Bullock,et al.  Simple Practical Investigations Using Invertase , 1988 .

[30]  T. Oku,et al.  Nondigestibility of a new sweetener, "Neosugar," in the rat. , 1984, The Journal of nutrition.

[31]  M. M. Bradford.  A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. , 1976, Analytical biochemistry.

[32]  G. L. Miller.  Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar , 1959 .