Novel uniquely 3D printed intricate Voronoi and fractal 3D antennas

While 3D printing has enabled the rapid prototyping of numerous 3D structures, only very few designs have exploited this technology to create structures that are difficult or impossible to manufacture in any other way. In this paper, a novel surface modification technique is combined with high-resolution Stereo-lithography 3D printing to enable arbitrary 3D antenna designs that have never been demonstrated before including a Voronoi tessellation for light weight, low volume, and aerodynamic properties and 3D fractal geometries featuring similar physical advantages. Both antenna topologies utilize a novel metallization technique, electroless copper plating, to overcome the highly lossy properties of common 3D printed dielectric materials.