Wayfinding in virtual environments using an interactive spatial cognitive map

We illustrate how an interactive spatial cognitive map representation of a large-scale virtual space under navigation can be constructed in order to help solve navigation queries and formulate navigation commands. We explain our design, describe its implementation and present the evaluation results from a sample of 6 navigators. Our balanced-within experiment shows that our implementation results in a significant decrease in the physical demand experienced by participants to tackle set navigation tasks. The paper also introduces a novel algorithm for the capture and organisation of spatial knowledge resulting from navigation in a virtual environment. This algorithm is the basis of our navigation aid.

[1]  Rodney A. Brooks,et al.  Solving the Find-Path Problem by Good Representation of Free Space , 1983, Autonomous Robot Vehicles.

[2]  R. Downs,et al.  Maps in minds : reflections on cognitive mapping , 1978 .

[3]  B. Pinette Image-based navigation through large-scale environments , 1994 .

[4]  David Kirsh,et al.  Worldlets—3D thumbnails for wayfinding in virtual environments , 1997, UIST '97.

[5]  Rudy Darken Wayfinding in large-scale virtual worlds , 1995, CHI '95.

[6]  Steve Benford,et al.  Legibility enhancement for information visualisation , 1995, Proceedings Visualization '95.

[7]  Steve Benford,et al.  Improving the Legibility of Virtual Environments , 1995, Virtual Environments.

[8]  Norman G. Vinson,et al.  Design guidelines for landmarks to support navigation in virtual environments , 1999, CHI '99.

[9]  Harold R. Booher,et al.  Manprint: An Approach to Systems Integration , 1990 .

[10]  Benjamin Kuipers,et al.  Modeling Spatial Knowledge , 1978, IJCAI.

[11]  Christopher D. Wickens,et al.  Workload Assessment and Prediction , 1990 .

[12]  Dylan M. Jones,et al.  Navigating Buildings in "Desk-Top" Virtual Environments: Experimental Investigations Using Extended Navigational Experience , 1997 .

[13]  B. Kuipers Modelling spatial knowledge , 1977, IJCAI 1977.

[14]  Benjamin Kuipers,et al.  The Cognitive Map: Could It Have Been Any Other Way? , 1983 .

[15]  Steve Benford,et al.  Populated Information Terrains: Virtual Environments for Sharing Data , 1994 .

[16]  Rudy Darken,et al.  A toolset for navigation in virtual environments , 1993, UIST '93.