Prevalence of depression among electrical workers.

To address the possible association between electric and magnetic field exposure and depression, we analyzed data from the Vietnam Experience Study. In order to compare the risk of diagnosed depression, depressive symptoms, and elevations in personality scales indicative of depression, we classified employed participants as electrical workers (N = 183) and nonelectrical workers (N = 3,861) and compared their scores on the Diagnostic Interview Survey (DIS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Electrical workers in the aggregate showed little evidence of increased risk, with the possible exception of an increase in elevated MMPI depression scores among short-term workers. Data on electricians yielded indications of increased risk for several markers of depression. Despite the limited number of electrical workers, uncertainty regarding exposure, and our inability to address other workplace exposures, these results suggest that electrical workers in general are not at increased risk for depression. However, our results encourage further evaluation of depression among electricians.

[1]  D. Savitz,et al.  Mortality from brain cancer and leukaemia among electrical workers. , 1990, British journal of industrial medicine.

[2]  G. Lewith,et al.  Overhead high-voltage cables and recurrent headache and depressions. , 1988, The Practitioner.

[3]  B. Armstrong,et al.  Suicide among electric utility workers in England and Wales. , 1990, British journal of industrial medicine.

[4]  L. Wetterberg,et al.  Serum melatonin in relation to clinical variables in patients with major depressive disorder and a hypothesis of a low melatonin syndrome , 1985, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[5]  J. Amsterdam,et al.  Depressed mood and reality disturbance correlate with decreased nocturnal melatonin in depressed patients , 1987, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[6]  W. Eaton,et al.  Epidemiologic Field Methods in Psychiatry , 2012 .

[7]  J. S. Wiggins,et al.  Substantive dimensions of self-report in the MMPI item pool. , 1966, Psychological monographs.

[8]  A Wennberg,et al.  Long-term exposure to electric fields. A cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation of occupationally exposed workers in high-voltage substations. , 1979, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[9]  A Wennberg,et al.  Acute effects of ELF electromagnetic fields: a field study of linesmen working with 400 kV power lines. , 1989, British journal of industrial medicine.

[10]  R. Binns,et al.  Power frequency magnetic field; depressive illness and myocardial infarction. , 1989, Public health.

[11]  R. L. Greene The MMPI-2 : an interpretive manual , 1980 .

[12]  P Vecchia,et al.  A health examination of railway high-voltage substation workers exposed to ELF electromagnetic fields. , 1986, American journal of industrial medicine.

[13]  D A Savitz,et al.  Methodological issues in the epidemiology of electromagnetic fields and cancer. , 1989, Epidemiologic reviews.

[14]  B W Wilson,et al.  Chronic exposure to ELF fields may induce depression. , 1988, Bioelectromagnetics.

[15]  M. Mcdowall,et al.  Mortality of persons resident in the vicinity of electricity transmission facilities. , 1986, British Journal of Cancer.

[16]  L. George,et al.  Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiologic survey. , 1990, JAMA.

[17]  M H Broadbent,et al.  Health of workers exposed to electric fields. , 1985, British journal of industrial medicine.

[18]  L. E. Anderson,et al.  Evidence for an Effect of ELF Electromagnetic Fields on Human Pineal Gland Function , 1990, Journal of pineal research.

[19]  D. N. Wiener,et al.  Subtle and obvious keys for the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory. , 1948, Journal of consulting psychology.

[20]  Andrew A. Marino,et al.  Environmental power-frequency magnetic fields and suicide. , 1981, Health physics.

[21]  L. Robins,et al.  National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity. , 1981, Archives of general psychiatry.

[22]  H Checkoway,et al.  Bias due to misclassification in the estimation of relative risk. , 1977, American journal of epidemiology.