Hierarchical Control Strategy for Hybrid Heavy-duty Trucks Considering Equivalent Hydrogen Consumption and Fuel Cell Life

In order to alleviate the heavy pollution problem faced by heavy-duty trucks for a long time, the research of hydrogen fuel cell hybrid heavy-duty trucks (FCHHT) has been widely concerned, among which reasonable and efficient energy management strategy is very important. The influence of power fluctuation and working efficiency on the life of fuel cell is not considered in the existing control strategy when considering fuel economy. Therefore, this paper proposes a hierarchical control strategy for hybrid heavy-duty trucks considering equivalent hydrogen consumption and fuel cell life. In the upper layer, equivalent hydrogen consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is used to establish the objective function and solve the problem. In the lower layer, the fuel cell working efficiency is divided into high, intermediate and low intervals. The optimization results in the upper layer correspond to different efficiency intervals. Different methods are used to optimize the power fluctuation and working efficiency of fuel cell, and fuzzy control algorithm is adopted in the intermediate efficiency interval. Finally, the proposed control strategy is compared with the traditional ECMS control strategy. The results show that the proposed hierarchical control strategy can effectively optimize the power fluctuation and the working efficiency of fuel cells significantly while only sacrificing a little equivalent hydrogen consumption of the system, thus optimizing the fuel cell life. In addition, the fuel cell hydrogen consumption is reduced.