Long-term Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Firefighters After the World Trade Center Disaster

Key Points Question Is World Trade Center exposure on and after September 11, 2001, associated with long-term cardiovascular disease risk in Fire Department of the City of New York firefighters? Findings In this cohort study of 9796 firefighters, age-adjusted incident rates of cardiovascular disease were higher for firefighters with greater World Trade Center exposure. Both acute World Trade Center as well as repeated exposure during 6 or more months at the World Trade Center site appeared to be associated with long-term elevated cardiovascular disease risk. Meaning These findings suggest the continued need for long-term monitoring of the health of survivors of disasters.

[1]  C. Bachert,et al.  Risk factors for post-9/11 chronic rhinosinusitis in Fire Department of the City of New York workers , 2018, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

[2]  A. Blair,et al.  Deepwater Horizon oil spill exposures and nonfatal myocardial infarction in the GuLF STUDY , 2018, Environmental Health.

[3]  R. Brackbill,et al.  Risk of Stroke Among Survivors of the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center Disaster , 2018, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[4]  J. Flory,et al.  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cohort Study of Men and Women Involved in Cleaning the Debris of the World Trade Center Complex , 2018, Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes.

[5]  M. Webber,et al.  Blood Leukocyte Concentrations, FEV1 Decline, and Airflow Limitation. A 15‐Year Longitudinal Study of World Trade Center‐exposed Firefighters , 2017, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

[6]  S. Stellman,et al.  Injury, intense dust exposure, and chronic disease among survivors of the World Trade Center terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 , 2017, Injury Epidemiology.

[7]  M. Fornage,et al.  Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association , 2017, Circulation.

[8]  M. Webber,et al.  The Effect of World Trade Center Exposure on the Timing of Diagnoses of Obstructive Airway Disease, Chronic Rhinosinusitis, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease , 2017, Front. Public Health.

[9]  G. Izbicki,et al.  Bronchial Reactivity and Lung Function After World Trade Center Exposure. , 2016, Chest.

[10]  B. Forsberg,et al.  Short-term Exposure to Ozone and Mortality in Subjects With and Without Previous Cardiovascular Disease , 2016, Epidemiology.

[11]  M. Webber,et al.  FDNY and 9/11: Clinical services and health outcomes in World Trade Center-exposed firefighters and EMS workers from 2001 to 2016. , 2016, American journal of industrial medicine.

[12]  M. Webber,et al.  Blood Eosinophils and World Trade Center Exposure Predict Surgery in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. A 13.5-Year Longitudinal Study. , 2016, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

[13]  Daniel Krewski,et al.  Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Mortality in a Large Prospective Study. , 2016, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[14]  Sara A. Miller-Archie,et al.  Heart disease among adults exposed to the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center disaster: results from the World Trade Center Health Registry. , 2011, Preventive medicine.

[15]  J. Hadler,et al.  Mortality among survivors of the Sept 11, 2001, World Trade Center disaster: results from the World Trade Center Health Registry cohort , 2011, The Lancet.

[16]  T. Rohan,et al.  Early assessment of cancer outcomes in New York City firefighters after the 9/11 attacks: an observational cohort study , 2011, The Lancet.

[17]  M. Webber,et al.  Trends in Probable PTSD in Firefighters Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster, 2001–2010 , 2011, Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness.

[18]  R. Silverman,et al.  Association of ambient fine particles with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in New York City. , 2010, American journal of epidemiology.

[19]  Rachel Zeig-Owens,et al.  Trends of Elevated PTSD Risk in Firefighters Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster: 2001–2005 , 2010, Public health reports.

[20]  A. Peters,et al.  Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update to the Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association , 2010, Circulation.

[21]  Shao Lin,et al.  Respiratory and Cardiovascular Hospitalizations After the World Trade Center Disaster , 2010, Archives of environmental & occupational health.

[22]  R. Detrano,et al.  Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution, Proximity to Traffic, and Aortic Atherosclerosis , 2009, Epidemiology.

[23]  M. Pencina,et al.  General Cardiovascular Risk Profile for Use in Primary Care: The Framingham Heart Study , 2008, Circulation.

[24]  R Erbel,et al.  Residential Exposure to Traffic Is Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis , 2007, Circulation.

[25]  Michael J Pencina,et al.  Increasing Cardiovascular Disease Burden Due to Diabetes Mellitus: The Framingham Heart Study , 2007, Circulation.

[26]  Marcella M. Johnson,et al.  Cardiac sequelae in Brooklyn after the September 11 terrorist attacks , 2006, Clinical cardiology.

[27]  F. Dominici,et al.  Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987-2000. , 2004, JAMA.

[28]  J. Samet,et al.  Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association , 2004, Circulation.

[29]  F. Mostashari,et al.  Cardiac events in New Jersey after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack , 2004, Journal of Urban Health.

[30]  Panos G Georgopoulos,et al.  Health and environmental consequences of the world trade center disaster. , 2004, Environmental health perspectives.

[31]  Kenneth J. Ruggiero,et al.  Psychometric Properties of the PTSD Checklist—Civilian Version , 2003, Journal of traumatic stress.

[32]  Daniel Vallero,et al.  Characterization of the dust/smoke aerosol that settled east of the World Trade Center (WTC) in lower Manhattan after the collapse of the WTC 11 September 2001. , 2002, Environmental health perspectives.

[33]  J. Sarnat,et al.  Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 U.S. cities. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[34]  Eger,et al.  Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 U.S. cities, 1987-1994. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[35]  E. Blanchard,et al.  Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). , 1996, Behaviour research and therapy.

[36]  David A. Schoenfeld,et al.  Partial residuals for the proportional hazards regression model , 1982 .

[37]  Yan Guo,et al.  Air particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence. , 2016, Journal of thoracic disease.

[38]  E. Matteson,et al.  Post-September 11, 2001, Incidence of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in World Trade Center-Exposed Firefighters and Emergency Medical Service Workers. , 2016, Mayo Clinic proceedings.