Infectious Hepatitis: Evidence for Two Distinctive Clinical, Epidemiological, and Immunological Types of Infection

The identification of two types of infectious hepatitis with distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological features provided an explanation for the occurrence of second attacks of the disease. One type resembled classical infectious hepatitis (IH); it was characterized by an incubation period of 30 to 38 days, a relatively short period of abnormal serum transaminase activity (3 to 19 days), a consistently abnormal thymol turbidity, and a high degree of contagion. The other type resembled serum hepatitis (SH); it was characterized by a longer incubation period (41 to 108 days), a longer period of abnormal transaminase activity (35 to 200 days) and a relatively normal thymol turbidity. Contrary to commonly accepted concepts, the SH type was moderately contagious. Patients with IH type were later proved to be immune to the same type. Patients with the SH type were not immune to the IH type infection.

[1]  Nikil D. Dutt,et al.  System and architecture-level power reduction of microprocessor-based communication and multi-media applications , 2000, IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design. ICCAD - 2000. IEEE/ACM Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.00CH37140).

[2]  P. Mortimer.  Homologous serum jaundice: Memorandum prepared by medical officers of the Ministry of Health , 1994 .

[3]  D Brahams,et al.  Mentally incapable adults: consent to treatment. , 1987, Lancet.

[4]  D. Mikhailidis,et al.  Prostacyclin-stabilising-factor deficiency in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. , 1982, Lancet.

[5]  M. Hilleman,et al.  Propagation of Human Hepatitis A Virus in Cell Culture in Vitro , 1979, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[6]  R. Purcell,et al.  Hepatitis B subunit vaccine: a preliminary report of safety and efficacy tests in chimpanzees. , 1975, The American journal of the medical sciences.

[7]  R. Purcell,et al.  Hepatitis A: Detection by Immune Electron Microscopy of a Viruslike Antigen Associated with Acute Illness , 1973, Science.

[8]  Magnius Lo,et al.  New Specificities in Australia Antigen Positive Sera Distinct from the Le Bouvier Determinants , 1972 .

[9]  L. Magnius,et al.  New specificities in Australia antigen positive sera distinct from the Le Bouvier determinants. , 1972, Journal of immunology.

[10]  S. Krugman,et al.  Viral hepatitis. New light on an old disease. , 1970, JAMA.

[11]  A. Sutnick,et al.  Hepatitis and leukemia: their relation to Australia antigen. , 1968, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine.

[12]  A M Prince,et al.  An antigen detected in the blood during the incubation period of serum hepatitis. , 1968, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  H. Alter,et al.  A "NEW" ANTIGEN IN LEUKEMIA SERA. , 1965, JAMA.

[14]  Draft Code of Ethics on Human Experimentation , 1962, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[15]  S. Krugman,et al.  The natural history of infectious hepatitis. , 1962, The American journal of medicine.

[16]  S. Krugman,et al.  Infectious hepatitis: detection of virus during the incubation period and in clinically inapparent infection. , 1959, The New England journal of medicine.

[17]  S. Krugman,et al.  Infectious hepatitis; studies of its natural history and prevention. , 1958, The New England journal of medicine.

[18]  P. Green.  Some serochemical differences between homologous serum hepatitis and infectious hepatitis. , 1950, Canadian Medical Association journal.

[19]  J. Stokes,et al.  Homologous serum hepatitis and infectious (epidemic) hepatitis; studies in volunteers bearing on immunological and other characteristics of the etiological agents. , 1946, The American journal of medicine.

[20]  W. P. Havens.  PERIOD OF INFECTIVITY OF PATIENTS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS , 1946, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[21]  A. Sabin,et al.  TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS IN SERUM JAUNDICE AND INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS , 1945 .

[22]  W. P. Havens.  Experiment in Cross Immunity Between Infectious Hepatitis and Homologous Serum Jaundice.∗ , 1945 .

[23]  F. Maccallum.  TRANSMISSION OF ARSENOTHERAPY JAUNDICE BY BLOOD: FAILURE WITH FÆCES AND NASO-PHARYNGEAL WASHINGS , 1945 .

[24]  J. Paul,et al.  Experimental Production of Hepatitis by Feeding Icterogenic Materials.∗ , 1944 .

[25]  N. F. Maclagan,et al.  Thymol Turbidity Test: a New Indicator of Liver Dysfunction , 1944, Nature.

[26]  W. Bradley,et al.  TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIVE HEPATITIS TO HUMAN VOLUNTEERS: EFFECT ON RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS , 1944 .

[27]  D. J. Bauer,et al.  HOMOLOGOUS SERUM JAUNDICE TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS WITH HUMAN VOLUNTEERS , 1944 .

[28]  G. Findlay,et al.  JAUNDICE FOLLOWING YELLOW-FEVER IMMUNISATION: TRANSMISSION BY INTRANASAL INSTILLATION , 1943 .

[29]  Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Ministry of Health for the Year 1937 , 1939, The British journal of venereal diseases.

[30]  G. Graham.  DIABETES MELLITUS A SURVEY OF CHANGES IN TREATMENT DURING THE LAST FIFTEEN YEARS , 1938 .

[31]  G. Findlay,et al.  Note on Acute Hepatitis and Yellow Fever Immunization. , 1937 .

[32]  K. Evelyn,et al.  THE DETERMINATION OF BILIRUBIN WITH THE PHOTOELECTRIC COLORIMETER , 1937 .

[33]  W. Pickles,et al.  Epidemiology in Country Practice , 1940, Nature.

[34]  L. Hill.  GAS LEAKS AND CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING , 1923 .

[35]  Haynes Ab,et al.  State of the Public Health , 1846, Public health.

[36]  A. Karmen,et al.  Transaminase activity in human blood. , 1955, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[37]  G. Freeman.  Epidemiology and incubation period of jaundice following yellow fever vaccination. , 1946, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[38]  J. Neefe,et al.  Recent advances in the knowledge of virus hepatitis. , 1946, The Medical clinics of North America.

[39]  S. A. Wilson,et al.  Disorders of motility and muscle tone with special reference to the corpus striatum , 1925 .