Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and smart grids: Investigations based on a micro-simulation

Introduction of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) c ould potentially trigger a stepwise electrification of the whole transportation sector. But the impact on the electric grid by electrical vehicl e harging is still not fully known. This paper investigates several PHEV charg ing schemes, including smart charging, using a novel iterative approach . An agent based traffic demand model is used for modeling the electrical dema nd of PHEVs over the day. For modeling the different parts of the electri c g d, an approach based on interconnected multiple energy carrier sys tems is used. For a given charging scheme the power system simulation give s back a price signal indicating whether grid constraints, such as m xi um power output at hub transformators, have been violated. This lead s to a corrective step in the iterative process, until a charging pattern is found, which does not violate grid constraints. The proposed system allo ws t investigate existing electric grids, whether they are capable of me eting increased electricity demand by certain future PHEV penetration. Fur thermore, in the future, different types of smart charging schemes can be add d into the system for comparison.

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