Dependence of PV Module Temperature on Incident Time-Dependent Solar Spectrum

The operating temperature of photovoltaic (PV) modules affects the photovoltaic conversion process. The operating temperature depends on various environmental conditions and on material-dependent properties of the PV modules. Many expressions for the operating temperature have been proposed in the literatures, some are simplified working Equation as NOCT (Nominal Operating Cell Temperature), and others are more complex, being based on a combination of the energy balance Equation and NOCT. The present study offers a new approach (model) for determining the PV module temperature based on the energy balance Equation and on the solar spectrum irradiance. While using the new model, the operating temperature has been determined for four module technologies: c-Si, a-Si/ μ c-Si, CdTe, and CIGS and it shows that the operating temperatures for the different cell types are close to the manufacturers’ NOCT data-sheet temperatures. For c-Si technology, for example, the simulation resulted in 43.2° and 46° for the spectrum and NOCT models, respectively. The proposed new model offers a new approach for determining the operating temperature of PV modules.