Energy Management of Hybrid AC-DC Microgrid Under Demand Response Programs: Real-Time Pricing Versus Time-of-Use Pricing

Nowadays, due to the presence of AC and DC loads in the electricity network, the use of an energy storage system (ESS), and DC renewable energy resources (RER), the implementation of hybrid AC-DC microgrid (H-AC-DC-MG) is a proper option instead of conventional AC microgrid (C-AC-MG). In this chapter, a proper scheduling and optimal operation of H-AC-DC-MG is proposed in comparison with C-AC-MG. The obtained results prove the supremacy of the H-AC-DC-MG in comparison with C-AC-MG. In addition, two types of demand response programs (DRPs), namely, time-of-use (TOU) DR and real-time pricing (RTP), are proposed to improve peak periods for reducing operation cost of H-AC-DC-MG. The operation cost of C-AC-MG has been reduced by 7.1% and 42% and also 8.1% and 53.89% in H-AC-DC-MG due to implementation of TOU and RTP, respectively.

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