Multipath TCP in Vehicular to Infrastructure Communications

This technical report describes some preliminary experiments investigating the use of Multipath TCP (MPTCP) to augment cellular 3G connections with roadside infrastructure based on emulated WAVE/DSRC transceivers. MPTCP is an extension to TCP that allows a multi-homed host to utilise multiple interfaces on a single TCP socket. The IEEE WAVE/DSRC stack defines standards for wireless vehicular communications. Experiments are performed on a physical testbed using the Linux MPTCP implementation. We first characterise the performance of MPTCP using a mix of wireless links. We then simulate MPTCP mobility using WiFi and 3G. Finally we conduct a small-scale, vehicle-based field test using 3G and a DSRC transceiver adapted from 802.11a hardware. We find that in cases of high path-diversity MPTCP can perform worse than standard TCP. When used in mobile scenarios (both simulated and in field trials), MPTCP is found to provide some benefit to existing 3G connections by detecting and then utilising roadside access points.

[1]  Shie-Yuan Wang,et al.  Evaluating and improving the TCP/UDP performances of IEEE 802.11(p)/1609 networks , 2008, 2008 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications.

[2]  Javier Gozálvez,et al.  IEEE 802.11p vehicle to infrastructure communications in urban environments , 2012, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[3]  Mark Handley,et al.  TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses , 2020, RFC.

[4]  Mark Handley,et al.  Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Congestion Control for Multipath TCP , 2011, NSDI.

[5]  Samir Al-Khayatt,et al.  Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11p for vehicular communication networks , 2012, 2012 8th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP).

[6]  Sally Floyd,et al.  Increasing TCP's Initial Window , 1998, RFC.

[7]  Rahim Tafazolli,et al.  Analytical Study of the IEEE 802.11p MAC Sublayer in Vehicular Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[8]  Mark Handley,et al.  Coupled Congestion Control for Multipath Transport Protocols , 2011, RFC.

[9]  Christophe Diot,et al.  Measurements of In-Motion 802.11 Networking , 2006, Seventh IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications (WMCSA'06 Supplement).

[10]  Marcelo Bagnulo,et al.  Opportunistic mobility with multipath TCP , 2011, MobiArch '11.

[11]  Gokhan Ay,et al.  Exploring Mobile/WiFi Handover with Multipath TCP , 2015 .

[12]  Fethi Filali,et al.  A Comparative Study between 802.11p and Mobile WiMAX-based V2I Communication Networks , 2010, 2010 Fourth International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies.

[13]  Yunxin Li,et al.  An Overview of the DSRC/WAVE Technology , 2010, QSHINE.

[14]  K. Psounis,et al.  IEEE 802.11p performance evaluation and protocol enhancement , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety.

[15]  Tuan-Anh Le,et al.  Improving the performance of multipath congestion control over wireless networks , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC 2013).

[16]  Hari Balakrishnan,et al.  A measurement study of vehicular internet access using in situ Wi-Fi networks , 2006, MobiCom '06.

[17]  Miroslav Popovic,et al.  MPTCP Is Not Pareto-Optimal: Performance Issues and a Possible Solution , 2013, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[18]  Jean-Yves Le Boudec,et al.  Opportunistic Linked-Increases Congestion Control Algorithm for MPTCP , 2014 .

[19]  Ingrid Moerman,et al.  Approximation of the IEEE 802.11p standard using commercial off-the-shelf IEEE 802.11a hardware , 2011, 2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications.

[20]  Antonella Molinaro,et al.  Enhancing IEEE 802.11p/WAVE to provide infotainment applications in VANETs , 2012, Ad Hoc Networks.

[21]  Erich M. Nahum,et al.  A measurement-based study of MultiPath TCP performance over wireless networks , 2013, Internet Measurement Conference.

[22]  Ning Sun.  Performance study of IEEE 802.11p for vehicle to vehicle communications using OPNET : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Telecommunications and Network at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand , 2011 .

[23]  AmadeoMarica,et al.  Enhancing IEEE 802.11p/WAVE to provide infotainment applications in VANETs , 2012, AdhocNets 2012.

[24]  Michel Dubois,et al.  Performance Evaluation of the , 1995 .

[25]  Fredrik Tufvesson,et al.  This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. INVITED PAPER Vehicular Channel Characterization and Its Implications for Wireless System Design and Performan , 2022 .

[26]  Stephan Eichler,et al.  Performance Evaluation of the IEEE 802.11p WAVE Communication Standard , 2007, 2007 IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference.